暗格里的秘密
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一直在关注，一直在潜水，一直惦记着什么时候能回报下社会。。。先上几张图片，看看够不够毒。。。 行程：Day01（0919）：上海－拉萨Day02（0920）：拉萨－定日Day03（0921）：定日－吉隆－聂拉木Day04（0922）：聂拉木－樟木－聂拉木Day05（0923）：聂拉木－希峰营地（徒步&露营）Day06（0924）：营地－希夏邦马大本营－营地（徒步&;露营）Day07（0925）：营地－聂拉木－老定日（徒步）Day08（0926）：老定日－曲当乡Day09（0927）：曲当乡优帕村－晓乌措营地（徒步&露营）Day10（0928）：晓乌措营地－卓湘营地（徒步&露营）Day11（0929）：卓湘营地－热嘎营地（徒步&露营）Day12（0930）：热嘎营地－白当营地（徒步&露营）Day13（1001）：白当营地－珠峰东坡大本营－热嘎营地（徒步&露营）Day14（1002）：热嘎营地－措学仁玛营地（徒步&露营）Day15（1003）：措学仁玛营地－轮珠林村－曲当乡（徒步）Day16（1004）：曲当乡－江孜Day17（1005）：江孜－多庆措－江孜Day18（1006）：江孜－拉萨Day19（1007）：拉萨Day20（1008）：拉萨－上海 这基本上会是一个以图片为主的连环画形式的游记。。。详细游记攻略请参阅队友英子在磨房的帖子：https//www.doyouhike.net/forum/backpacking/1000424,0,0,1.html，那儿事无巨细。([]
最新章节： 第521章 陆文昔怀孕 （ 2024-05-18 00:48:53）
更新时间： 2024-05-18 01:10:57
- 第1章 央视动画状告京东
- 第2章 薛之谦
- 第3章 植物大战僵尸
- 第4章 重庆将承办亚洲杯
- 第5章 剑王朝
- 第6章 Without Me
- 第7章 武僧一龙特朗普变身灭霸
- 第8章 雷神
- 第9章 浴血黑帮神话
- 第10章 5566
- 第11章 甄嬛传
- 第12章 该忘了
- 第13章 密室大逃脱
- 第14章 奥特曼
- 第15章 魔兽世界怀旧服
- 第16章 斗战狂潮3
- 第17章 剑来2
- 第18章 美科学家穿越时空
- 第19章 詹姆斯35岁生日快乐
- 第20章 西甲
- 点击查看 中间隐藏的 12253 章节
- 第549章 修罗武神烟火里的尘埃
- 第550章 拳皇97
- 第551章 五等分の気持ち
- 第552章 央视动画状告京东
- 第553章 非诚勿扰火影忍者
- 第554章 中国惊奇先生
- 第555章 西班牙人战平巴萨特朗普变身灭霸
- 第556章 5566
- 第557章 正阳门下
- 第558章 王源
- 第559章 本田
- 第560章 宠爱
- 第561章 一拳超人
- 第562章 帝霸
- 第563章 伊朗退出伊核协议
- 第564章 猫和老鼠
- 第565章 生化危机2重制版
- 第566章 修罗武神烟火里的尘埃
- 第567章 勇敢者游戏
- 第568章 冰雪奇缘
中文字幕人成高清二区
林诗涵走进世博会——中国2010年上海世博会介绍（世博系列之一）目 录 前言 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主 3、以往部分世博会简介 二、中国与世界博览会 1、中国与世博会的渊源 2、中国参加世博会的获奖产品 3、新中国参加过的历届世博会 4、中国以往举办的世园会 三、2010年世界博览会（Expo 2010）总体介绍 1、上海世博会申办的过程 2、世博会主 3、会徽 4、吉祥物 5、确认参展的国家和组织 6、上海世博会场地 7、上海世博会园区规划 8、2010年上海世博会门票 9、上海世博会世博轴 10、上海世博会世博公园 11、上海世博会演艺中心 12、上海世博会世博中心 13、上海世博会世博论坛 14、上海世博会网上世博会 15、上海世博会文化演艺活动 16、上海世博会世博村 四、参展展馆 1、上海世博会主馆 2、上海世博会中国国家馆 3、亚洲馆 4、欧洲馆 5、美洲馆 6、非洲馆 7、大洋洲馆 8、其他国际组织馆 9、企业馆 10、上海世博会城市最佳实践区1# 老顽童thtsjy 前 言 2010年是世博年，我们作为本届世博会举办地——上海的市民，愿为世博会尽绵薄之力。为此，我们综合了参观《走进世博会——中国2010年世博会暨世博会历史回顾展览》（在上海展览馆举办）、探访“中国2010年上海世博会展示中心”（位于淮海中路香港新世界大厦三楼）以及收集的有关世博会资料，整理成庚寅年第一帖，奉献给诸位参考。鉴于我们自身文字和拍照水平的局限、收集资料渠道的受限、整理功力的有限，本帖存在诸多不足，恳请各位指教，深表感谢！ 16# zj522522 感谢以上各位支持，祝你们虎年吉祥！ 17# 老顽童thtsjy 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 在古代农耕社会，人们往往在庆贺丰收、宗教仪式、欢度喜庆的节日里展开交易活动，后来逐渐发展成为定期的、有固定场所的、以物品交换为目的的大型贸易及展示的集会。这就是世博会的最早形式。公元5世纪，波斯举办了第一个超越集市功能的展览会。 18世纪，随着新技术和新产品的不断出现，人们逐渐想到举办与集市相似，但只展不卖，以宣传、展出新产品和成果为目的的展览会。1791年捷克在首都布拉格首次举办了这样的展览会。随着科学技术的进步，社会生产力的发展，展览会的规模也逐步扩大，参展的地域范围从一地扩大到全国，由国内延伸到国外，直至发展成为由许多国家参与的世界性博览会。 26# 老顽童thtsjy 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主1851年英国伦敦万国工业产品大博览会1853年美国纽约万国工业产品博览会1855年法国巴黎世界工农业和艺术博览会1862年英国伦敦国际工业和艺术博览会1865年爱尔兰都柏林世界博览会1867年法国巴黎第2届巴黎世界博览会1873年奥地利维也纳世界博览会1876年美国费城美国独立百年展览会1878年法国巴黎第3届巴黎世界博览会1880年澳大利亚墨尔本世界博览会1883年荷兰阿姆斯特丹国际博览会1889年法国巴黎第4届巴黎世界博览会1893年美国芝加哥哥伦布纪念博览会1897年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1900年法国巴黎第5届巴黎世界博览会1904年美国纪念路易斯安娜购置一百周年博览会1905年比利时列日世界博览会1906年意大利米兰世界博览会1908年英国伦敦世界博览会1910年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1913年比利时甘特世界博览会1915年美国旧金山巴拿马太平洋博览会1925年法国巴黎国际装饰美术博览会1926年美国费城建国150周年世界博览会1929年西班牙巴塞罗那世界博览会1933年美国芝加哥世界博览会——“一个世纪的进步”1935年比利时布鲁塞尔万国博览会——“通过竞争获取和平”1936年瑞典斯德哥尔摩世界博览会1937年法国巴黎现代生活艺术世界博览会——“现代世界的艺术和技术”1938年芬兰赫尔辛基航空世界博览会1939年比利时国际水资源博览会1939-1940年美国纽约世界博览会——“明日新世界”1939-1940年美国旧金山金门世界博览会1949年瑞典国际体育博览会1949年海地王子港世界博览会1953年以色列耶路撒冷世界博览会1954年意大利航海世界博览会1955年瑞典世界生活艺术博览会1955年意大利都灵国际体育博览会1956年以色列柑橘栽培展览会1957年德国柏林世界博览会1958比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会——“科学、文明和人性”1961年意大利都灵世界博览会1962年美国西雅图廿一世纪博览——“太空时代的人类”1964-1965年美国纽约世界博览会——“通过理解走向和平”1965年德国慕尼黑交通运输世界博览会1967年加拿大蒙持利尔世界博览会——“人类与世界”1968年美国圣安东尼奥世界博览会——“美洲大陆的文化交流”1970年日本大阪日本世界博览会——“人类的进步与和谐”1971年匈牙利布达佩斯世界狩猎博览会1974年美国斯波坎环境世界博览会——“无污染的进步”1975年日本冲绳国际海洋博览会——“海洋-充满希望的未来”1981年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1982年美国诺克斯维世界能源博览会——“能源-世界的原动力”1984年美国新奥尔良路易西安纳世界博览会——“河流的世界-水乃生命之源”1985年日本筑波万国博览会——“居住与环境人类的家居科技”1985年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1986年加拿大温哥华世界交通与通讯博览会——“交通与运输”1988年澳大利亚布里斯班世界博览会——“科技时代的休闲生活”1990年日本大阪世界博览会——“人类与自然”1991年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1992年西班牙塞维利亚世界博览会——“发现的时代”1992年意大利热那亚世界博览会——“哥伦布-船与海”1993年韩国大田世界博览会——“新的起飞之路”1998年葡萄牙里斯本海洋博览会——“海洋——未来的财富”1999年中国昆明世界博览会——“人与自然，迈向二十一世纪”2000年德国汉诺威世界博览会——“人类-自然-科技-发展”2005年日本爱知爱．地球博——“自然、城市、和谐——生活的艺术”2008年西班牙萨拉戈萨世界博览会2010年中国上海世界博览会——“城市,让生活更美好”2012年韩国丽水世界博览会2015年意大利米兰世界博览会 29# 老顽童thtsjy 3、历届部分世博会简介 水晶宫的魅力——1851年英国伦敦第一届世界博览会纪实 全世界第一场世界博览会——1851年万国工业博览会在英国首都伦敦的海德公园举行，展期是1851年5月1日至10月11日，主要内容是世界文化与工业科技，借此博览会英国在当时展现了工业革命后技冠群雄、傲视全球的辉煌成果。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了首届世博会 19世纪前半叶，欧洲工业革命正如火如荼地进行，科学技术的飞速发展，使人类生活发生了巨大的变化。 在英国，自维多利亚女王登基后，当时的英国在世界工业中一马当先。同时资本的高速聚集和运作，英国也成为当时欧洲金融的中心。这些因素触发了英国将在世界舞台上演绎主角的欲望。 此前，欧洲各国举办工业博览会已不是新鲜事，特别是英国、法国在工业革命的推动下，都举办了多届有影响的工业产品博览会，以此来推广本国的工业生产技术和宣传新产品。频频举办工业博览会使英国萌发了举办一次世界各国参与的博览会。 成立于1754年的英国皇家艺术协会历来承担国家展览会的组织工作，担任皇家艺术协会主席的阿尔伯特亲王具有一种与传统理念所不同的开明思想和创新精神。1849年，艺术协会开始酝酿筹划规模更大的博览会时，阿尔伯特提出“博览会必须是国际性的、展品要有外国产品参加”的设想，要求能在伦敦海德公园中找到最好的展览场地，以举办一届规模宏大的世界博览会。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了第一届世博会在英国诞生。 确立规则，女王广邀宾客 1849年6月30日，一次历史性的会议在白金汉宫召开，参加者有皇家艺术协会成员、全国博览会组委会成员、建筑公司成员和阿尔伯特亲王。会议作出了7项重要决定：1、世博会展品分为四个大类：原材料、机械、工业制品和雕塑作品；2、将建一幢特别临时建筑作为世博会展厅；3、举办场地选在海德公园南侧；4、博览会将是国际性的，由国家发出参展邀请；5、组委会将提供大量奖金以鼓励参展者；6、将成立一个皇家委员会来主办世博会；7、世博会财政集资由艺术家协会负责。 会议之后，组委会立即起草并提交给政府关于成立世博会皇家委员会的申请。组委会成员到英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的65个城镇和法国等一些欧洲国家进行了游说，动员参展。 1849年10月17日，组委会举行了一次大规模的公共会议，向伦敦市最有影响力的商人和银行家描述了世博会的整个计划。艺术协会的项目融资也有了进展，25万英镑的保证金解决了财务问。很快，议会两院也以多数票同意在海德公园内举行博览会。 1850年1月3日，世博会皇家委员会成立。随后，维多利亚女王便以国家名义向世界各国发出世博会参展邀请。 31# 老顽童thtsjy 一个方案拯救了首届世博会 世博会的筹备工作开局颇为顺利，但是困难却是接踵而来。一是时间紧，距世博会开幕仅有一年半，具体工作尚未启动；二是集资困难，运作资金尚有很大缺口；三是社会上有大量意见反对使用海德公园举办世博会，因为建造展馆将会破坏树林和环境。但最大的麻烦是世博会展馆的设计与建造问。 1849年底成立的世博会建筑委员会立即向各国发出展馆设计的邀请。尽管方案征集仅有三个星期，但委员会仍收到245个方案，却没有一个获胜者。因为所有方案都是古典、永久性的建筑形式。这不仅使阿尔伯特等陷入困境，甚至有导致世博会流产的危险。 正在皇家委员会一筹莫展时，一个不经意的方案不仅成功地挽救了世博会，更是成为人类历史上的里程碑作品，甚至建筑物作品的本身成为了第一届世博会最成功的展品。这便是园艺工约瑟夫·帕克斯顿和他的创作“水晶宫”。 意外发现睡莲化作“水晶宫” 1837年，一位英国探险家在圭亚那发现美丽的王莲，便采集种子带回英国交给查丝华斯庄园首席园艺师约瑟夫·帕克斯顿(Joseph Paxton)种植。三个月后，王莲长出11片巨大的叶子和开出美丽的花朵。帕克斯顿将花以维多利亚命名王莲Victoria amazonica Sowerby（Royal Water Lily,Amazon Water-platter），并作为礼物送给了维多利亚女王。自此他与阿尔伯特亲王相识并成为挚友。 王莲越长越大。有一天他把7岁的小女儿抱在其中一片叶子上观赏花朵，水上飘逸的绿叶居然轻而易举地承担起她的体重。帕克斯顿翻开叶子观察其背面，只见粗壮的径脉纵横呈环形交错，构成既美观又可以负担巨大的承重力的整体。这个发现顿时给了他灵感，一种新的建筑理念在脑中形成。不久他在为王莲建造查丝华斯温室时，用铁栏和木制拱胁为结构、玻璃为墙面，首创了新颖的温室。该建筑除了简洁明快的功能外，建筑构件可以预先制造，不同构件可以根据建筑大小需要组合装配，这样的建筑成本低廉，施工快捷。 帕克斯顿听说了在海德公园建造展览场馆之事，立即毛遂自荐愿意提供他的建筑方案。 帕克斯顿的设计方案在众人的关注下最终被敲定，记者Douglas Jerrold在报上将它称之为“水晶宫”，这个名称一直流传至今。1850年9月26日，水晶宫奠基。6个月不到就竣工了。 整幢建筑是现代化大规模工业生产技术的结晶。 38# 老顽童thtsjy 博览盛会，创造历史 水晶宫建造的同时，组委会挑选和收集各类展品的工作进展加快。博览会共有18000个参加商，提供了10万多件展品。 组委会另设特别评选委员会对展品评选，评出5084奖项，其中外国人获得3045项。 1851年5月1日早上9时，水晶宫开门接纳来参加开幕式的客人。50多万人聚集在海德公园四周。11时30分，9驾皇家马车列队离开了白金汉宫前往海德公园参加世博会开幕大典，12时的钟声敲响，在“哈利路亚”乐曲声中，王室和他们的随行人员进入展览宫。 水晶宫内挂满万国彩旗，参观人流摩肩接踵，各种工艺品、艺术雕塑琳琅满目、目不暇接。人们惊奇地观看来自不同国家的发明、珍奇和不同产品。 参观者最感兴趣的是不同的机器发明。人们目瞪口呆地看着开槽机，钻孔机，拉线机，纺纱机，造币机，抽水机等各种机器工作，让人领悟到工业革命给世界带来的变化。 当然，最受赞誉的还是水晶宫，这座原本是为世博会展品提供展示的场馆却成了第一届世博会中最成功的作品和展品。水晶宫成为世博会的志。水晶宫成就了世博会的举办，世博会的成功又为世界上第一次聚集众多国家，为了一个和平的目的交流不同文化、科技成果开创了先例。 1851年共有6039195人次参观了首届世博会。 同年10月14日伦敦世博会举行了闭幕式，世博会圆满结束，并获得了186437英镑的利润。 世博会结束后水晶宫移至伦敦南部的西得汉姆，并以更大的规模重新建造，1854年6月10日由维多利亚女王主持向公众开放。它作为伦敦的娱乐中心存在了82年。1936年11月30日晚上6点，中央大厅员工厕所突然着火，大火烧遍了整幢建筑。水晶宫的焚毁宣告了辉煌的维多利亚时代结束。 43# 老顽童thtsjy 1853年美国纽约世博会 1853年的世博会在美国纽约举办，主办者效仿英国也用钢铁和玻璃建造了一个大型展馆，同样称之为“水晶宫”，但规模却小得多，仅及英国的三分之一。 45# 老顽童thtsjy 46# 老顽童thtsjy 胜家缝纫机公司（Singer）是美国第一家成功的跨国公司，其主打产品——缝纫机被誉为继农用锄具发明之后的又一伟大发明，并被称为“世界上最著名的机械”。1853年纽约世博会上展出的胜家缝纫机已具备以后一百多年间的家用缝纫机的基本功能。 47# 老顽童thtsjy 48# 老顽童thtsjy 1852年，奥的斯发明了动力上升梯子的安全装置，并在1853年纽约世博会上演示其发明。现代电梯仍使用奥的斯当年的发明创造。 52# 老顽童thtsjy 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会上，一种起源于古罗马、风行于16世纪欧洲宫廷、而为爱尔兰妇女所钟爱的蕾丝作品，以其华美典丽而令人炫目，并由此推广成为平民女子的美丽服饰。 54# 老顽童thtsjy 1867年巴黎世博会 1867年在法国巴黎举办的世博会，已经具备了现代世博会的雏形。主展馆为490X380米的巨大橄圆形建筑，中心为公园，四周为展厅，16条通道分割展区，给各参展国设计自己独立的展馆。 57# 老顽童thtsjy 蓝色的多瑙河——记1873年维也纳世博会 世博会的举办与规划 十九世纪中后期，通过举办世博会来提高国家地位，已被许多国家认同和追逐。1870年，奥地利政府为将首都维也纳推进到世界先进城市行列，同时也为清除1866年普奥战争失败后的笼罩在城市上空的阴霾，向世界宣布：举办1873年维也纳世界博览会，主为纪念约瑟夫一世执政25周年。 世博会举办地选择在风光秀丽的多瑙河边，这条河随着几年前施特劳斯著名的圆舞曲《蓝色的多瑙河》而名声鹊起。维也纳中央公园被选作博览会会场，面积达233公倾。维也纳市政当局想利用举办世博会的时机，对旧城区建筑大举实施改造，拆去城壁，打通市中心与郊外的联系，多瑙河也在整改范围之列，涉及水道绵延半英里，拓展河道工程产生的50万立方的砂砾被用于世博会会址之用。整个工程规划由建筑师凯利·哈森那根据意大利文艺复兴时期的风格设计。由于前几届世博会的启示，维也纳世博会的组织者已开始注重建筑的功能与美观结合，强调建筑的整体魅力。设计中的宏伟庞大的主建筑群——工业宫，面积达7万平方米,工业宫建筑结构合理，长907米,宽206米。中央与园顶大厅相连,两侧留有宽25米主廊，主廊与长145米、宽15米的侧廊相交。侧廊之间有多个宽45米,长75米庭院,所有建筑均建有屋顶，观众入口装饰处建造了凯旋门和不同历史风格的大门。工业宫建筑开创了世博会历史中建造大型联体展览建筑物的先列。 60# 老顽童thtsjy 世界第八大奇观——圆顶大厅罗托纳达 维也纳世博会上建筑亮点是由斯各特·罗素设计的工业宫中央圆顶大厅罗托纳达。罗素曾担任1851年伦敦世博会参展委员会的秘书。该大厅设计显然受到了1851年世博会“官方”建筑计划书的启发，风格极其相同。 罗托纳达圆形大厅，顶高83米,直径约110米,成为当时世界上最大的圆顶大厅建筑，比罗马的圣·皮耶尔大教堂的48米圆顶和伦敦的圣保罗大教堂37米圆顶确实大了许多。圆形大厅的结构也是用金属制作，建设周期仅18个月,时间之短在当时令人难以置信。建筑被称之为世界第八大奇观。圆形大厅其锥形屋顶由32根粗大的柱子支撑，圆顶之上有一个直径为28米的穹隆塔顶，再上面是一个直径为7米的小型穹隆灯塔，最高处是一个奥地利皇冠的巨大复制品，由皇冠珠宝的仿制品装饰。 这个巨大的园顶建筑物引起了轰动效应，也倾倒了观众。世博会期间共有206270位参观者踏着台阶登到圆顶皇冠处，饱览维也纳城市的迷人景色并为壮观的建筑而荣耀。 整个博览会除工业宫建筑群外，还有机械厅、美术馆、园艺馆等新建190多幢建筑，整个世博会把现实和艺术，现代和古老，东方和西方不同建筑元素和谐地融为一体。 64# 老顽童thtsjy 布展独特展品丰富 建筑群内的中央广场呈东西走向，圆形大厅中央安放着土耳其苏丹二赠送的美丽装饰喷泉。四周由回廊环绕，陈列各国展品。维也纳世博会组织者，为了使展品分类越加合理，将展品分成26种，分类数增加到162个,其目的是“将创造发明、工业化生产与人类教育、生活品味和生活质量的发展相适应”。 16个展示厅内布局根据国家位置而设计展示体系，每个国家的展品都靠着其地理上的邻国，所以只要观赏了不同国家的展品，就可以获知基本的世界地理知识。 奥地利展品中给人印象比较深的是一副刻画政治家在普法战争中形象的象牙棋子和一颗重达8吨、长50英尺放置在水银池中的巨型炮弹，使人想起1866年那场不幸的那场战争。 埃及展示了世界注目的苏伊士运河工程模型。埃及政府把设计展区的任务委托给了一批德国的著名埃及史研究专家。他们在设计中将四年前刚开始动工的工程建筑与埃及风光、风情巧妙结合，把埃及的地理、历史和社会进程关系完美的展示给观众。 瑞典提供了一个模范学校的教育展示，从教室的课桌设计到学生教材丛书和办学规划，让观众了解公共教育的重要性。 维也纳世博会主办者强调发明和设计理念：科学和艺术，工业和手艺、过去和将来之间，需在美感和实用性的大前提下具有审美价值，构建完美的和谐关系。文化艺术类展品则显示了主办国-维也纳城市特有的强项。 世博会中，奥地利为维也纳城市设计了专展览，展览以丰富多样的形式，详细阐述了建成于罗马时代的维也纳城市中城堡、宫殿、街道、广场和著名建筑物的历史故事。该展览最令人激动的是节日欢庆和比赛活动部分，每天的露天音乐会，由约翰.施特劳斯指挥管弦乐队演奏不同圆舞曲和圣歌，当然最受欢迎的便是“蓝色的多瑙河”，因为只有在音乐之都-维也纳，在美丽的多瑙河边，在世博会特有欢乐的氛围中聆听施特劳斯亲自演绎的“蓝色的多瑙河”，才能真正体验和感受到艺术家的真情和艺术作品的魅力所在。 维也纳世博会中有两个艺术展馆展示来自世界各地的艺术珍品。法国、俄罗斯提供了众多的名家绘画作品。维也纳画家汉斯麦卡特画成的那幅长17米宽4米的巨作，尤其受人瞩目。 古典艺术品中有希腊、意大利送来的大理石雕像，其中有帕台农圣庙的复制品和米洛的维纳斯雕像，据说当时维纳斯的双手还在。 维也纳世博会于1873年5月1日开幕，11月2日闭幕，共有35个国家、4万多参展商应邀参加，仅有725万人次参观了世博会。最后财务的统计表明，世博会的总投资956万美元，但收益仅是其开支的六分之一，被认为是19世纪重大的财政失败例子之一。 维也纳世博会结束后，工业宫部分建筑群成为了维也纳玉米交易所，机器厅等被专门划出用于北方铁路货物和谷物储存中心。但是工业宫建筑和著名的圆顶建筑也同许多历史上世博会建筑一样，遭遇了悲惨的命运，它被1937年的一场大火摧毁。 66# 老顽童thtsjy 1876年费城世博会 1876年的美国费城世博会是一次重要的博览会，这是一届为庆祝美国建国百年而举办的世博会。费城的费尔蒙特公园，是世界上最大的城市公园，也是1876年世博会会址。 68# 老顽童thtsjy 自由女神像是法国赠送给美国的礼物。为参加费城世博会庆典，就将已完成了的自由女神像手臂和火炬先送去。直到1886年，自由女神像才在美国纽约安装完毕。 70# 老顽童thtsjy 爱迪生是19世纪最伟大的发明家，他的许多发明都曾在早期世博会上展出。 73# 老顽童thtsjy 就在这一年，贝尔博士发明了世界第一部电话，立即送到了博览会上展出，也是在这一年，中国第一条铁路在吴淞至上海开通。 75# 老顽童thtsjy 1878年法国巴黎世博会 爱迪生发明的话筒、留声机等在本届世博会上展出。 78# 老顽童thtsjy 永远的埃菲尔铁塔——1889年巴黎世博会的产物 铁塔的由来 1884年11月8日,法国下院议会做出决定：1889年5月3日至11月6日，法国巴黎将举办第三届世博会。主：庆祝法国大革命胜利100周年。 1886年5月，世博会组委会组织博览会的规划设计招。中者中有设计师古斯塔夫·埃菲尔。埃菲尔建议世博会场地放在巴黎火星广场和托罗卡德罗地区，展览面积100公顷。他在规划中创意建造一座300米高的志性建筑塔。 世博会的组织者们更是兴奋地建议：百年盛会中建造的志性高塔建筑，必须征集到大师们的作品，因为只有大师蕴涵的艺术天赋作品才能完美体现法国崇尚文化，独具和无可争议的优势。 招的结果是收到了1000份极富创意的方案，其中花样百出。如，设计一座巨大的断头台以象征帝国的死亡。设计一座350米的金字塔，塔上雕刻有英雄雕像和浮雕以描述大革命的主要事件等等。 但是，最“异想天开”的设计，还是来自年轻的设计师，古斯塔夫.埃菲尔的金属拱门塔方案。埃菲尔创意：“建造一座新颖的金属凯旋拱门来为现代科学和法国工业增光。这座拱门会给人独特的印象，也会超过历史上各种凯旋门形式。” 组委会委员、市政当局经比较和讨论，最终埃菲尔的铁塔门方案获得批准，当时新闻界大多数人也都对此方案表示欢迎。不过，所有人并没有料到，他们通过的这个方案成就了世博会历史上最激动人心的作品，也使1889年的世博会成为了经典。 80# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔设计和建造 古斯塔夫-埃菲尔，1832年生于第戎，中学毕业后，他到巴黎中央大学求学。他在设计建造波尔多的杜罗河桥时，由于解决了桥梁支柱的稳定性的难而初露峰芒。很快，他又参与设计在美国纽约“自由女神”像，因内部复杂的结构而名杨四海。通过一个个大胆创新的建筑项目中，年轻的埃菲尔的才能很快得到了充分展示。 埃菲尔在方案通过后，在40个助手帮助下，绘制了5300幅工程图，涉及到建筑18038个部位。 1886年11月5日，法国贸易部长批准了埃菲尔团队提交的最后方案。并提供其预算2750万法郎中五分之一的资金。埃菲尔抵押了他的公司并设法筹足剩余五分之四的资金。 1887年1月铁塔正式开工，整个工地成了一个巨大的钢铁加工厂，每段钢材都在工厂里依照严密的计算，根据图纸精确制造，然后又严格检验、编号、并按图纸进行组装。高塔建造时现场并没有什么辅助脚架,全靠精密的计算和严密的管理，一根根沉重的钢材凭借手动液压装置精确顶到位置，再由人工用一个个烧红的铆钉，挥舞着铁锥一锤一锤加以铆接固定。铁塔用去15000根钢铁材料，二百五十万个铆钉，整座塔楼在水泥混凝土加固的底座上矗立。工程在28个月工期里，始终体现着严格而科学的秩序。 82# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔引发的争议 埃菲尔自设计铁塔开始，面对的不仅是创新的技术难，还有因铁塔而引发的一场社会争议。因为，他的“通天塔”不仅激发了人们浓厚的好奇心，也产生了巨大的困惑。巴黎杰出的哥特建筑学派专家认为从数学角度考虑建造铁塔是不可能的。而最大的反对意见来自于巴黎的文学艺术家们。以著名作家盖.德.莫泊桑为首的47位著名人士发起了一项反对铁塔名活动，名的备忘录提交给巴黎政府并在报纸上公开发表。 反对和争议没有阻止建筑的进程，埃菲尔面对各种压力，始终沉着冷静，他认为铁塔一定会成功，他坚信建造铁塔将是完成一座人类理想的丰碑。 铁塔在塞纳河边渐渐升高，反对的意见逐步减少。人们开始冷静地看待铁塔，并对它的整体进行评估：大胆独创的铁塔，新颖别致的造型，直冲天穹的力量，张扬中却又充溢着浪漫的轻盈。这一切不又体现了法兰西民族独有的创造和创新的精神吗？ 84# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔建造成功 1889年3月31日星期日，铁塔主建筑完工，埃菲尔与一些世博会高官一起登上了塔顶，并发射了21发礼炮以示庆祝。埃菲尔升起法国三色国旗并骄傲的宣告“现在，世界上只有法国国旗能飘扬在300米的高空”。 艾菲尔铁塔，这个曾被嘲笑为“悲剧式的蜡烛台”，“可怕的钢材堆”“巨大的工业烟囱”为法国1889年巴黎世博会带来激情和滚滚财源。 艾菲尔与巴黎政府的铁塔合约在1889年5月起开始回报，根据合同条款，20年中，铁塔收益归艾菲尔所有，铁塔就象一个金矿，这个金矿给艾菲尔带来了极大的效益。 当20年后，铁塔移交给巴黎市，艾菲尔和巴黎市政府并没有料到，铁塔的收益会不断延续，在一个世纪后，铁塔仍然游人如织。 86# 老顽童thtsjy 世博会时的铁塔 1889年5月6日，随着埃菲尔铁塔上一声炮响，世博会正式开放，会期每天早晨铁塔上的炮声和晚上铁塔的灯光不仅成为世博会的景观，更是成为巴黎都市浪漫生活的组成。由于采用了电灯照明技术，这也成为第一次晚上也开放的世博会。 1889年世博会期间，登塔成为参观的主要目的和时髦，共有2百万人在会期参观了铁塔。 埃菲尔铁塔有三层：第一层为57.63米，设不同的餐厅；第二层115.73米，设不同的办公室，特别是费加罗报的办公室，负责为参观者办理登塔证书；第三层276.13米，是服务区、气象台，实验室（物理，气象，生物）和艾菲尔的办公室，一般不对游人开放。 埃菲尔铁塔有一部电梯，每次可容纳100人，斜升到57米高一层，另外一部可载50人的垂直电梯，开到115米高。电梯每小时可供2400人用。参观人也可以通过1792级楼梯徒步登塔，到顶层鸟瞰巴黎全景。 1886年，本茨制成世界上第一辆三轮内燃机汽车。1889年，本茨亲自驾驶着汽车在展示，大受欢迎，也预示人类的汽车时代已经到来。 1889年11月6日，法国卡尔诺总统主持了的盛大的世博会闭幕仪式，世博会明星爱迪生用新近发明的留声机，以播放埃菲尔宣布闭幕的声音作为博览会闭幕节目。 88# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔的精神 1923年埃菲尔去世时，他的铁塔仍是世界上最高的建筑物，这一记录一直保持到1930年纽约克莱斯勒大厦建成，它比埃菲尔铁塔仅高出几米。 100多年来，埃菲尔铁塔历经风雨，屹立在塞纳河边，并成为巴黎城市的组成部分。百岁铁塔并没有因时间推移而失去代表时尚的美名，它那高耸、浪漫的丰韵成为了法国的志。它凝聚着崇尚创新的法兰西民族精神，它张扬着近代科学文明的威力，它彰显着巴黎城市无穷的文化魅力。 当然，人们也不会忘记伟大的世界博览会，正是这样的一个创造、创新的舞台造就不朽的埃菲尔先生和永远的埃菲尔铁塔。 90# 老顽童thtsjy 1893年美国芝加哥世博会 而今我们日常生活中离不开的拉链是由美国工程师Whitcomb L Judson发明并在1893年芝加哥世博会上亮相。 ([]
天堂vs美国vs欧洲vs在线观看
许欣怡https//bo.ok168.com/music/%e6%b1%aa%e5%b3%b0/%e6%80%92%e6%94%be%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd.wma有谁跟我一样，去贡嘎，是被这个前辈的背影所毒到的？又有谁真正的走到了照片中的这个位置？而又有谁看到照片中的景像？被誉为蜀山之王的贡嘎雪山，它滋养着这片土地上的儿女，是康巴藏人心目中的神山，它还是驴友心目中的徒步圣地，这个国庆，我背着小小驴，踏上了这个计划已久的贡嘎朝圣之路。。。。。 PS这个地图是我之前做攻略时在网上找到的，在此借用这次的大概行程，因时间原因，实际行程与计划行程是有点不一样的 我写游记，习惯按着顺序，写的尽量仔细点，如流水账般，因为我记性实在不太好，怕等我老了就回想不起很多细节了，那时候我再来看看我现在写的游记，就像重新走一回的感觉~ 可这次贡嘎的游记，我实在不知道该如何写，敲着键盘，看着自己被冻伤已脱壳的手背，擦干流血的嘴唇，回想这个国庆的带队穿越贡嘎，就觉得无比的辛酸与无奈，我一副领队，之所以把自己搞的这么悲催，已经无法用值不值来衡量了，当时之所以坚持下去的想法就是：既然答应帮忙带队，那就要帮忙帮到底。 故事，待我慢慢道来。。。。。。出发前2天才开始打包东西，整个装下来，大包20多公斤，小包16公斤，还好是轻装，不然我估计会走死的。 悲催的开始 9.29放假前一天照样正常上班，上午公司内网挂出公告，下午可不上班，之前预想的是可能会提前2个小时下班的，所以动车票订的是612去成都的，这下可好了，一下午，只有回家补瞌睡了，想想还是去买点暖宝宝带着的好，因为我实在怕冷，这个季节，好多地方暖宝宝都还没上架，逛了1个药店3个超市才买到暖宝宝。 回家把衣服洗了，清洁做了，睡了半小时觉，4点半起来准备出发，一个小鹰32，一个精灵55，一前一后两个背包超过50斤。这个点特别不好打车，出租车都没亮灯，因为是交接班的点，好不容易看到个没亮灯的出租车，说去火车站，司机让上车，告诉司机要先去附近接个同事，他和我一班动车去成都，在车上我忽然发现我就穿着短袖出门了，外套都没带，想要回去拿外套，出租车司机非常不乐意，想把我丢路边上不载我了，好说歹说司机才同意又把我送回去拿衣服，还好没堵车，不然司机会骂死我的。 到了火车站，去吃乡村基，人暴多，几乎没有座位，我看着包，同事去帮我买饭，不辣的就只有宫保鸡丁了，端来一看，冷的，冬瓜是半生的，也罢将就吃吧，结果，这一将就，刚上火车不到10分钟我就跑厕所拉肚子去了。 动车好比春运，那已经不能用人多来形容了，我这提前11天订票的都订的是餐车，走廊上全部都是人，快到成都了，看见窗外的雨像用盆在泼似的，我就焦虑了，因为我没带伞，赶紧把背包罩拿出来把两个背包都罩上。下了火车，挤着出了站，还好雨小了很多，还好有同事跟我坐一个车，帮我背着一个小包。本来就不好打车，加上修路把路都挖坏了就更不好打车了，所幸有成都的驴友听说我到成都要来接我，结果他也对路不熟悉，等他来了刚一上他的车雨又下大了，围着铁路局旋了两圈都没找到那个酒店，等找到酒店时发现酒店的前台和客房还隔了一段距离，下着雨，这不是坑爹嘛！ 因为这次是帮朋友带商业队，37个队员，其中27个是上海的，8个是太原的，还有2个是散客，4个领队，而我们4个人之前都没见过，主领队是小包，还有个小董，小袁，加上我，出发前我都还不知道人数，也没有名单，到了成都也没拿到名单，告诉我名单就只打了一份出来。开始小包说不碰头了，第二天车上再说，结果我都睡下了，12点过了又把我叫起来，说4个领队齐了，老板娘来了，一起碰头说下行程安排，一直整到2点多钟，才散，结果也没说个所以然来。 房间里只有电灭蚊器，却没有灭蚊片，成都蚊子太多，一整晚我都在跟蚊子对抗，拍死了一只，结果还有一只一直在耳边飞，一整晚几乎没睡着，第二天早上起来一看，手臂上被咬了三个大包，脸上还有1个大包，脸都肿了，太郁闷了，从我记事开始就没有被蚊子咬过脸，真是无比悲催。。。。。。照例，出发前在电梯里先给自己自拍一张 国庆假后，这个网络盛传的对比图是我们这次的真实写照 这个最能体现我们的图片 D1、9.30 成都—雅安—石棉—泸定—康定—老榆林—电站高速路变停车场 早上6点不到就起来了，说是6点半出发，结果因为人太多，磨叽到7点才从酒店出发，此时城里已经开始小堵了。上到成雅高速，距离雅安40多公里的地方就开始堵车，基本上从9点到下午3是在堵车和缓行中度过的。堵车的原因除了国庆高速路免费增加了车流量外，更重要的是一些技术不好品行不好的司机也开上路了，一路上导致车祸不断追尾不断，而且还大量占用应急车道，也就造就了大堵车，凡堵车过的地方，必然会留下一大片垃圾，这就是中国人的素质，且不说高速路上的垃圾了，连贡嘎沿线都是垃圾，国人现在是越来越有钱了，可道德素质却越来越差了。 成雅高速堵过了，雅西高速又堵，高速路变停车场，惊现遛狗哥他在马路上遛狗，我就只有在车上看看我的小小驴和小小龙 这是一个乡，据说是最大的一个乡，叫九襄 汉源湖，其实是个很大的水库 汉源湖上的一小片蓝天这次出行，大部分照片都是用手机拍摄的，没有带单反，就借了一个松下LX5带着，卡片用的也少，就用了2天，为了省电拍的也少 圆月时在路上 到了石棉，已是下午3点，石棉是个小县城，吃饭的地方也大都是小餐馆，我们一行42人分成了3个地方才吃下饭，豆花饭味道还不错，因为赶时间，吃的太快，结果吃咽着了，顶着胃难受，我就一直在车上站了一个多小时。在海螺沟分叉路口，本来我们是可以走磨榆路的，走那段路要近一个多小时，就因为现在那条路其中一段规划为红石滩景区了，就是我们清明去的那个地方，要收每个人60元的门票钱，虽然问了警察，警察说过路不收费，但是为了不冒险，我们决定还是绕道泸定再到康定。 还没到泸定，天就黑了，在泸定水电站的地方，停车尿尿，我也要买苹果，今年苹果都涨价了，要价2.5元一斤了，前年我才买成1元一斤，讲了好久，说要10斤才讲成2元一斤，我直接买了10斤苹果，我超喜欢吃那边的苹果，果酸味十足，不用担心会有蜡。 坐了12个小时的车，我们终于在晚上2200到了康定的老榆林，在兵站那里换面包车，因为大巴无法开进去了，说好是6个面包车的，结果只来了4辆，我们的人得分两批进电站，天气不是很好，飘着小雨，只有那么几分钟，我们看到了圆月，中秋夜，我们就这么看了小会儿月亮。兵站到电站来回需40分钟至1个小时，经过一辆车，我们就要看看是不是来接我们的，在晚上11点左右终于我们我们坐上了开往电站的面包车，那段路很颠簸，一路上我们还看到有人打着电筒重装徒步进山，非常佩服。 本来今天的计划是要到格西草原扎营的，因为堵车，时间太晚，之能在电站打店铺，包子说给我们留了两个空房间，结果到了一看，那哪能算房间啊，就是一牛棚边的杂物房，前面到的上海队已经把两个小小的房间挤满了，女的这边一间实际上和旁边的是通的，那面睡了别的队的男的，中间堆得都是马帮的马鞍还有土豆毡毛等一堆杂物，我们后面还有3个女的，没法睡了，我只好把她们的包包都放到那堆杂物上，然后对着门竖着打地铺，门缝很高，晚上风吹的呼啦啦的，我睡得地紧挨着藏民的毡毛，一晚上都有股骚味熏着我，在打地铺的时候我都看到有跳蚤在跳， 我都忍住没叫，我怕惊吓了那些女孩子们，忍忍睡吧，要不是下着雨，我都想出去找地扎营了，第二批跟我一起到的男的都只有扎营了，因为房间里已经挤不下了。 晚上有几个女孩子不同程度的出现高反，其中一个还吐了，嘱咐他们吃下药，我想这才开始呢，后面的行程更艰难，也不知道这帮姑娘能不能走下来，因为早上在车上的时候，我问了下大家，哪些人是没上过高原的，结果举手的一大片，少说也有10多个，当时我就焦麻了。。。。。。。 D2、10.1 电站—格西草原—红石滩—两河口—下日乌且国庆的阳光 早上也不知道是哪个队伍起的最早，像我这么睡眠不好的，一有声响就醒了，索性起来，收拾好东西，把过道位置留出来，去看看早餐好了没有。早餐就一锅稀粥，也罢，昨儿个晚饭就没吃，今天早上也只有喝一碗稀饭了，有马帮烧了大叶茶，赶紧凑上去要碗喝。 天雾蒙蒙的，心想今天千万别下雨啊！还好老天给力，没过多久，太阳出来，雾气散的非常快，远处的海子山露出了雪山尖，四周的山也都在阳光的照耀下闪耀着光芒，山谷里飘着一云，就像一个丝带系在山腰上，电站的晨光，一种柔软的美。 今年国庆的贡嘎，就像是在赶集，出发前就有去色达的朋友这么笑我，我也笑他：我们去贡嘎赶集，那么你们去色达就是游行了。好多队伍已经开始前进，可我们的马帮还没到，让队员们都打包好行李，发放路餐，昨晚吐了的姑娘今天她自己说已经好多了，还好没事儿。 天越来越亮，阳光越来越耀眼，好多早已收拾好的人已迫不及待的想先走，没法，我只好先带着他们往前走，本来我们出发前是说好的我走中间的，结果走成领队的了，这一领队就一直领了好几天。有几个队员体力很好，跑的很快，我要加快脚步才能追上他们，一路上我都在追赶与等待中度过。735，我发现日照金山，大叫一声，快看，队员们都停下收拾装备的手，拿起相机，只听见快门的声音，我手机随身揣着的，赶紧摸出来照早餐只喝了一小碗清汤寡水的稀饭，冷的不行，赶上马帮的在吃早餐，烧了大叶茶，我厚着脸皮去要了几碗热茶水喝 9点左右，我带着一小部分人，出发，徒步，从现在开始背着小小驴和小小龙，走在最前面，以便队友识别，因为今年贡嘎的人实在太多从电站到格西草原的路一直都是逆溪而上，风光不错，这段路还是比较好走的，路宽，坡度不大，走起来并不是很费体力。 格西草原 945到达格西草原，草原其实并不大，但是在阳光的照耀下很美，有炊烟、有马匹、有溪流、有红石、远处还有雪山，称的上一个五星级营地，可惜昨晚我们到的太晚，没能在格西草原露营。穿过格西草原继续往前会穿越一片原始森林然后过木桥往河对岸走，再往上走一点会经过一小片草甸，草甸过后又是树林，穿过树林就会看到左手边的一片红石滩，红石滩向上前方看是盘盘山，向后看是海子山，非常漂亮。看过红石滩，继续往前，爬上一个小山坡，有点陡有点喘，不过爬上坡以后就会看到红石滩的源头，还有个小瀑布，我们在河滩边的草甸上吃午餐，望着远处的雪山，就这么不想走了。。。。。。。背着行囊，继续向前回望格西草原穿过森林，要过一个木桥桥上看到的风景~这次小鹰32很给力，第一天我背的太多了，装了10多个苹果在包包里过桥后看到的草甸，昨晚有人在此扎营，事实上，整个贡嘎线，像这样的草甸几乎都被扎营过红石滩，秀秀小小驴和小小龙，哥俩好呀这个小龙是我们财务那同事的，走的那天去他办公室，看着可爱，就顺手拿走，跟他说：姐带它上雪山去玩，省的你国庆把它关办公室里。我那同事说：那你一定要给我带回来哈，还要多拍点照片~小小驴，站不稳，坐也坐不稳，还好它背着包，只好靠在大石头上了，一路上背着它，很拉风上图为手机拍，下图为相机拍，相机拍的还是要好看些红石滩的源头，可惜手机找不出效果这组红石滩照片为卡片机拍摄 这组照片为手机拍摄。1130我达到这个河谷，开始在下面红石滩拍照的时候前面走了一个队员，我没敢多停留，赶紧去追，正好遇到个大上坡，差点没把我累死，当我爬上那个坡，就看到他在坡上悠闲的看着河谷，吃着路餐。。。。。用对讲机给主领队小包汇报已经追上队员的情况，小包指示，让我就在原地等着后面的队员，让他们都别走了，吃了路餐再走。 我们的路餐还是很丰盛的，每一个都包装好了，里面有1个面包、1根火腿肠、1个卤鸡蛋、1个沙琪玛、1罐红牛、1包榨菜、1个巧克力威化，还有1颗糖，都不是我爱吃的，那么多天，我就领了2次路餐，红牛我都给其他队员喝了又见漂亮的蓝色小花，偶喜欢这张照片是在我一QQ好友游记里看到的，别个正在让我帮忙拍照，那天他们也在这个地方吃路餐，就在我们旁边，居然没认出来，哈哈([]
欧美视频在线观看毛一区
江维伦Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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陈文君出发，啥都别管了！怀着惴惴不安的心情，直至诸多行李通过安检，在此奉劝各车友，打包后的车箱尺寸太大过不了安检的检测仪，态度好的地勤人员会让托运部派人过来接收，态度不好的呢，嘿嘿~.在机上的邻座邂逅一同乡，是我爹一富商朋友，陪同领导们前往丽江度假，听闻了我的计划后颇为吃惊，对我这后进中青年给予了颇高评价，被认可的感觉是很棒的，嘿嘿~晚点近一个半小时的飞机终于抵达昆明机场，预报中的阵雨没有到来，倒是迈出机场那一刻的凉意让我着实吃了一惊，在众目睽睽下笨拙的拆箱装车，都怪平时的基本功不扎实啊，倒腾了许久才勉强装好，身旁等待拉客的黑车司机们迫不及待地和我搭讪，他们说出机场的路只有一条，并且是高速，但是通常都不查的，没事上路吧，小伙子。骑着亲手组装好的车子上路，那种成就感自感豪真是没得说的。昨日抵达昆明，入住茶花，心情大好。可惜公共wifi太多人占用，效率低下，舍弃自己的平板电脑，到前台免费提供的地方上网，没一会，一老外姑娘娇滴滴跟我搭讪，纳闷一会才听明白她说：you stay hear long?稍一迟疑，又看到四周虎视眈眈的目光，只好大方地说：just moment,maybe...,just moment!话说昨日离开昆明机场，骑上唯一一条可以离开机场的路，就是那条无比宽敞有着超级顺滑新开通的柏油路，远远看到收费站的绿色通道站着个穿制服的，小心脏就开始砰砰跳了。“同志，非机动车上高速需要罚款五十”“我知道错了，警察叔叔，但是这是唯一一条出路啊”“这是规定，我也没有办法，你支持一下我工作好吧”“叔叔，我是失业了才出来骑行，希望通过这个折磨来让我反省自己的错误，您也是过来人，应该可以理解吧”“........”“走吧，年轻人，从前面岔口下，路上小心点”我的小心脏哟，那个叫做狂喜，看来昆明的警察同志还是很有爱的嘛但是，从此后我就记住了这条通往昆明市区的某条不知名的国道了，那叫坑爹啊，路况极差浓烟滚滚且先不说，各种横行霸道从我身边呼啸而过，边用那不争气的平板导航边问路辗转回到青旅，在浴室镜子前卸下装备，着实吓了一跳后哑然失笑，这才第一天啊！ 梳洗完毕，急忙趁天黑之前到这家超有爱的青旅拍些照片lonely planet（孤独行星）说这是中国最棒的青旅之一，看来确实名不虚传，废话少说，看照片！院内听到熟悉的福州话，和那两位初邂逅的大姐瞎扯了一番，她们说是这儿的常客，但是这地儿17号就要拆迁了，哎呀，我们仨那叫一个遗憾和唏嘘啊。她们推荐说边上有家老字号的过桥米线很给力，我就迅速找个机会和她们依依惜别，随即出门觅食。够饿且够闲的前提下的任何猪食都可以是美食了，更何况是这经典搭配：红油血旺+传统过桥+大理啤酒哼哧哼哧后，肚胀难受，在街上溜达，昆明的傍晚有着福州初秋时分的感觉，凉爽、明亮，彩云之南，人间天堂啊。我找了家超市补充了些装备，买了张云南的地图，问了好几家户外店都没有买到防狼喷雾（这让我今天大为后悔，后话）回到茶花，在极不爽的网络世界里折磨了数小时后悻悻然回房。备注：平时主要上新浪微博，感兴趣的亲们可以关注一下“老朱小弟” 没有了爱疯的导航，早上像无头苍蝇似的在昆明市区打转，多亏了几位好心人的帮忙，尤其要多谢一位慈祥的姑娘，一直送我到二环南路的桥下。突然觉得这种沿途靠问路西行的方法也不错，至少可以接触到形形色色的人。未经许可将我的爱疯占为己有的人啊，我好像开始尝试原谅你了。话说朱小弟二师兄蒙着面顶着烈日垂头丧气地骑行在茫茫无际的烂路上时，突然路边杀出一黑一黄两只恶犬，分别从二师兄两侧包抄而来，说时迟那时快，二师兄边朝恶犬使出狮子吼边启动运动模式，虽在上坡路段，但v8引擎的表现也确实让人惊叹，如此拉锯数百米，犬乏。说人话！朱小弟被狗追，怕怕。妈的，人品太好也至于招惹畜生啊！我上下检索了一番，怀疑是这驼包的荧光绿防雨罩太骚导致的，那，我要怎么办？一路暴晒，加上各种烂路。继续昨日的浓烟滚滚，反复上下坡，搓板路，碎石路，烂泥路。第一天就这么坑爹。好在最后的二三十公里柳暗花明，连续十公里的柏油路下坡，所有的折磨在这一刻都是那么的无怨无悔。1630，抵达禄丰县城，全程105公里。入住康源宾馆三楼的阳光房，仅盛惠40元。洗漱晒衣后出门觅食。禄丰是一个神奇的地方，这才是中国内地真正的小香港啊，大街小巷充斥着各种娱乐场所，路边巨型广告写着东莞式的服务仅需298元。圆子鸡火锅，可能是我这趟旅程最美味的食物了，可能和边上坐着两位姑娘秀色可餐也有大关系。酒足饭饱，也仅75元。信步街头，走入这家“天罗地网”，花了10元给国家的个人进网吧的开户费冤枉钱。于是有了以上的文章和照片。一前辈网友在微博给我留言说明日有大烂路等着我。who怕who，爷出来混早就知道迟早是要还的。一直往西方骑，听说梦想在那边.......二师兄的西游记（day 3）昨夜一夜无眠，蚊子肆虐，可能是白天晒得太久吸收了过多热量，不停流汗，并且那傻逼风扇自从被我拉了一下摇头后就开始响个不停，大哥，我不是那位你命里注定的维修工，明日一早我还得赶路，您就当我是个P，把我给放了好吗。康源宾馆处于禄丰著名的娱乐场所一条街上，半夜到凌晨，耳畔充斥着酒鬼的嚎叫、嫖客和妓女的浪笑，末了还有位忘带钥匙的兄台把他家卷帘门足足有踹了超过30分钟，我反正睡不着也无所谓，就当是禄丰县旅游局免费赠送给我的3D音频大餐吧。左膝盖明显加剧的疼痛让我忧心忡忡，还记得上次泉州一日行的后果，有接近两周无法使力，这要是重蹈覆辙，我还骑个**尼泊尔，估计到不了大理就要投靠段家当门客了（慕容姑娘不知安好否）。越想越可怕，我这是要马上准备第二套方案吗？总不能过两天就打道回府吧！想起白天路上遇到的那几个徒步前往香格里拉的驴友，或者实在不行就把单车打包寄回去，改为徒步加搭车去拉萨。不能这么想，这和我的初衷相差太多了，要真是这样，以后骑行的日子可能就到此为止了。吸引力法则开始奏效，越想膝盖越痛，我悲催地几乎欲趴在窗台对着那群游魂们痛苦嘶吼。求助下百度吧，据说他神马都懂，搜索答案是坐垫太低、骑行姿势不对和用力过度都可能是罪魁祸首。先在手机里做个备忘吧，明早起来再琢磨琢磨。辗转一夜，满脑子悲观情绪。理想很丰满，现实太他妈骨感了。早上7点钟，天色已亮，距离宾馆不远处顶上安着一个巨型大钟的电信大楼准时播放东方红乐曲，通知禄丰人民快点起床去为早日实现祖国现代化添砖加瓦，可我纳闷的是有这么多彻夜接待国内外贵宾的夜班服务人员他们的生物钟和准时朝九晚五的大老爷们应该是不一样的呀，谁来关心她们的疾苦和心声。我这个只求借宿一宿的外来游客管得也太宽了吧。好吧，反正大爷一夜几乎未合眼，并且这也关我P事，爱谁谁。我开始尝试和膝盖兄进行对话：兄弟，昨儿个肯定是我不对，我光顾着逞强，没有考虑你的感受，今天咱们好好聊聊，你有什么需求都说出来吧。我隐隐感觉到他的回复是希望我能低调些，最好是龟速前进，这样他才可能勉强配合。好吧，再不起床今晚恐怕是到不了楚雄了。我沮丧地呆坐于床沿，给膝盖上药，洗漱收拾。骑车离开宾馆去吃早餐时，天空乌云密布。我以对膝盖兄的承诺的速度缓慢骑行着，反正已经做好最坏打算，索性一路欣赏风景。禄丰至楚雄的这段路基本都在一个又一个的山谷里兜转。阴沉的天，偶有几缕调皮的光线透过厚厚的云层射在山谷里，小桥流水人家，古道西风衰货，慢悠悠的在旁人眼里显得老油条的骑行在这这宛如世外桃源般的溪谷中，倒也十分惬意。能前进就好，即便它确实很慢，我当下就是这么想的。蓦地，身后传来一阵熟悉的声音，一群从广东来的大学生骑行队从身旁结群而过，他们也去拉萨，但行程和我不同，我到楚雄，他们去黑井镇，寒暄道别后这群精壮的小年轻很快就消失于视线，当我缓慢地爬上一个坡顶时，又见到了他们，其中一位兄弟手指着黑乎乎的隧道口说，里头啥都看不见，我们怕你没有手电，所以等你。乱感动了一番。在他们的簇拥下，进入伸手不见五指的山洞里穿行，从亮处一下子进入暗处，其实即便是强光手电也没多大的用处，慌乱中总算骑出了这恐怖的空间。后来又接二连三地经过这种像黑洞似的隧道，不过之后是我一个人独行。我和他们的速度不同，应该说是相差太远。所以一早放弃结伴的念头，能有共同语言共同爱好相当的消费能力还要有匹配的体力，能从头结伴走到尾这该是多难得的缘分啊。谁也别去拖累谁，就让我独自继续骑着这只小毛驴去看戏吧。噩梦终于来临，蜜蜂箐隧道出现在眼前，我的乖乖，这么可爱的名字和如此恐怖的黑洞结合在一起，我晕。兄弟们，帮人帮到底，你们怎么可以因为我的不争气而如此残忍的抛下我呀。前面是无尽的黑暗，后面隐约传来大卡车的轰鸣声，没有方向感，只能凭着第六感在摸索，几次踉跄着要跌倒，完全失控，我勒个去乌云把整个山谷完全给笼罩住了，光线如同隆冬的黄昏一般，我停在路边换上冲锋裤披上雨衣，在森林里独自穿行，翻过垭口后忽然豁然开朗，阳光重现，雨也逐渐停了。膝盖兄，上午至今咱俩还算合作愉快吧，看到公路的指示牌再有一半的路程就要到楚雄了，给力哦！12：15，进入一家算得上窗明几净的路边餐馆准备进食，老板公热情地上前询问我要吃什么，我说吃面，他说小兄弟先坐坐很快就好，谁知真正话事的老板娘横空出现说木有面条，只能点菜，我看着满冰柜的食物完全没有胃口，就礼貌告辞了。我转身离去的那下，隐隐感觉到身后寒光一现，还有端坐在饭桌前可能是他们家媳妇儿那渴望且哀怨的眼神。我其实有点后悔，骑了一上午几乎只看到这家有提供饭食的，错过了这家店，那我的午餐是否就没有着落了？想想包里还有3条在昆明买的士力架和一包牛肉干，咽了咽口水，继续前行。半小时后，一个无名小镇横空出现，我挑剔地找了家永安羊肉店想吃碗热腾腾的羊肉面，这可是我一上午的心愿，看来马上就要实现了。而且这真是我们永安同胞开的店吗，他是否会以他乡遇故知的热忱边给我添上几块硕大的羊肉边满脸堆笑地说都是自己人不容易啊随便吃之类的话。显然，我想太多了。忙碌的老板既听不出有任何福建口音，甚至没有任何一位经商者应有的低姿态。而是满不在乎的问我有几个人。“抱歉，一个人的午餐没空做。”我可以说脏话吗？！太特么的愤愤不平了幸好还有一家脏乎乎的清真餐馆开门迎客，还是刚才大爷我没看上眼的。“羊肉面一晚多少钱？”我冷冰冰地问道。";4块。”这么便宜能吃吗？算了，仅此一家，别无选择。（奉劝诸位，凡事往往都有两面性，别被表面的假象所蒙蔽。）完全出乎意料的美味啊，且分量适中，色香味俱全。我都舍不得立即开吃了，一阵猛拍加微博风卷残云，坐在门口的椅子上思索昨晚@truthfree老弟的留言，说今天会有一段烂路要经历（他们称之为七里坡），上午没感觉有什么糟糕的体验，那想必就在下午的路上。预计还有40公里左右的路，掐指一算，即便我的时速仅达到6公里，再有6个多小时也该到楚雄了，现在时刻下午1点多，那应该最迟8点会到，正好天黑。平均时速6公里，不会这么悲催吧。不要有感性的烦恼！稻盛老先生的话在耳边响起。上路吧。（事实上一整天都没有经历什么明显的烂路，看来心态真的很重要，一旦背水一战，那什么都不是困难了）实在是太喜欢这段路了！虽然有不停地上下坡，但不算太难（看来鼓岭宦溪的反复训练没有白费哦）。午后充足的光线照在低垂的云层上，幻化出的阴影给远处的山脉染上变化的色彩，村庄、溪流点缀在无穷尽的翠绿之中。满山遍野栽种的烟草开出的花所散发出的香味弥漫在整个山谷之中，路旁几只超萌的牛牛无辜地和我深情对视。接着又偶遇几位逆行而来的车友，互致手势问好。感觉非常良好~最重要的是膝盖兄和我的配合越来越好，这完全可以感觉得出来。有时候，出现摩擦是难免的，但是如果大家都本着解决问的态度来对话，凡事都有转机。而若是任一方一意孤行，结果就是一拍两散。膝盖兄，我对您的感激之情无法言表，请受我一拜（呵呵，吃亏的还是你）。正当我满怀欣喜一路小跑之际，一个突如其来的画面闯入视线，心里一紧。右前方的路旁，有两位拾荒的老人背负着沉重的柴火步履蹒跚地相互搀扶行走着。我不忍心超越，缓慢地跟随在后，再一会索性停在路边，拿出相机跟着拍下这令人难过的画面。左侧的那位老人突然跌倒！那股瞬间强大的力量拽得另一位老人也向着她倾斜！我急忙骑上前去，一下子就看到了两张爬满了岁月痕迹充满着无助的脸。原来左侧跌倒的那位老人双目失明。右侧老人卸下身上的重担，去扶起那位跌倒的老人。但是她所卸下的担子实在是太重了而且捆扎得明显不牢，我急忙接过她的手替她扶着那捆由一堆废树皮和几个空矿泉水瓶组成的劳动成果，心想这能值几个钱啊。右侧老人哆嗦着把那根断了的绳子接上再放到失明老人的背上，可她一站起身绳子又断了。我手足无措地继续扶着那捆东西。她们笑着问我从哪里来要去向何方，她们说老表你应该骑着摩托车去，这样太慢。她们的方言我听得不是很懂，只好有一句没一句的回应着。我犹豫了一下，从车把包里取出日常备用的零钱，总共六十五块零两毛，我把钱塞到老人的手里，说这是我的一点心意，她愕然地想要拒绝但还是拽紧了钱，我说帮不上你们什么忙，希望你能接受。她跟失明的老人说了一些话，我实在不忍心看着那双溢出两行浊泪的残缺的双眼，为了缓解气氛，我说帮你们拍张照好吗，她们开始配合地看着镜头，我拍完后把相机递到她们的面前，失明老人羞愧地说看不见，我颤抖着手又把相机递到另一位老人的面前，她那看上去即便完好但显然已经严重老花的双眼想必也很难看清。“老表，我把钱分给她了，你看到的哦”我给的是一张50的整钱和几张10元以下的零钱，她把50留给了自己。我心里暗叹了一下，可以理解。看到失明老人快乐的表情和她身旁散落的柴火，我觉得是时候要走了。“你是个活神仙，老表...”，两位老人语无伦次地说着。我努力地把手中那捆柴火立定后，转身离去。身后留下两个伫立在原地目送我离开的孤单身影，我实在没有勇气去想象她们的未来。人都有命，她们属于她们口中说的可怜人。我日后如果失明，身旁会有一个搀扶着我的人吗？这个国家究竟要富裕到什么程度才能让人老有所养？温总胡总你们口中的和谐社会究竟在哪里？想太多了。继续前行。有一户人家在门口杀牛，我停下来跟他们点头示意后拿起相机拍了几张，被砍断四肢剥了皮的牛的尸体突兀地躺在地上，流淌的血汇成的沟上爬上了贪婪的苍蝇。我盯着那只牛隆起的肚子，反复拍了很多照片。这极有可能是一只怀孕的母牛！那家人被我拍的似乎不好意思，有两人停止手上熟练的活，走回屋内。单车缓缓地骑入楚雄州的沿江路，我好像记得@truthfree老兄当时的微博写到下榻的是在彝人古镇，那离这还有段距离，我停在红绿灯前向一摩的叔叔问路。一辆大巴在我跟前停下，下来了两位背着大包有着无敌年轻面庞的姑娘，我们对视了一下，忘了是谁先开口搭讪，总之愉快地在树下交谈了起来。我可是憋了几天没怎么跟人类好好交流过了。我可能说的太多了，和陌生姑娘第一次交流就这么兴高采烈的，这么唐突，一点也不像你给自己含蓄的大叔定位。朱小弟啊，朱小弟，本性难移的老朱小弟。树下合影，微博互粉，依依惜别。好像忘了说，认识你们很高兴---来自文山两位美女：@minmin熊和@黄瓜拌面酱。楚雄州的这条沿江路在黄昏时分应该是一天中最美的，干涸浑浊的护城河水一点也不有碍观瞻，一样是高原才有的低低的云层，草坪里散落的情侣们和敞开猥琐的肚皮惬意地晒着太阳的大叔们，远处逐渐进入眼帘颇具规模的彝人古镇，组成了一幕绝佳的风景画面。我把车子停靠在那根写着320国道的电线杆上，由近至远地拍了几张照片。彝人古镇，我来了。楚雄州政府的相关项目负责人想必在丽江束河古镇做过一番精心的考察，太他妈像了，除了招商没做好外（满大街充斥着缅甸玉器店和带有明显东南亚风情的经营人员），结果是引来了一堆又一堆的旅游团带领着一批又一批引颈待宰的倒霉蛋，像达叔之流的精明小资才不稀罕这地儿呢。古镇里很多店铺在转让，这和旅游旺季的现在显得格格不入。我选定了一家路段不错颇具规模貌似精品酒店的客栈，进内询价，前台姑娘说间原价270，特价120，我故技重施的扮可怜，结果实收80元每晚。酒店的硬件设施实在是太对得起这价格了，我美美地洗了个热水澡，再把洗好的衣服晒到二楼的阳台。背着相机轻装出门，先去药店买了瓶乐敦康眼药水（这两天额上混合着防晒霜的汗水大量流入眼睛导致眼睛充血模糊），吃了根忘了是伊利还是蒙牛的雪糕还在促销路演试喝了一口康师傅新上市的经典奶茶，打听到这家泡泡网吧的地址。再上传些照片就要下了，吃个晚饭或者宵夜喝几瓶啤酒回房睡觉。明天继续努力。7月8日，禄丰至楚雄，90公里。感觉良好。朱小弟，加油！8264这个论坛的贴子发表得好辛苦啊，照片只限3张，而且刚才一直提示我没有权限使用URL什么的，有人可以支招么？每天晚上写日记是个不好的习惯，大脑过于活跃，老睡不好，想起床看到外头天还没亮，更别指望能找到吃早餐的地儿，彝族人民过惯了夜生活，凌晨两点客栈附近酒吧里猜拳行令各种淫笑声不绝于耳。 云南的时差和福州至少有2小时。麻烦那位揉着睡眼有着水桶美腰的妹纸开了宾馆大门的锁，蹑手蹑脚地走在空无一人的古镇的街上，瞬间隐入这家刚阔别不到7小时的网吧。（对于无家可归有家不愿归的人来讲，网吧还真是好地方，看来我真是脱离大众生活太久了）再熬一小时，等看看哪家早餐店的老板最勤劳，能够像我一样有着睡得比妓晚起得比鸡早的苦逼的命。早安，楚雄！又是阴霾的天，逐渐恢复的体能带来轻松的心情。离开楚雄没多远的路上遇到了三位背包徒步前往香格里拉的广东妹纸，同是苦逼，拍照留念，互勉！看到了一只老的不成样子的宠物狗，瞎了一只眼，四肢蹒跚的走在路上，没来得及拍它的正面，心想咱家的狗狗到老的时候也会成这个样子。唉，岁月就是把***杀猪刀。平静孤独，快乐幸福，在这条没有行人的路上，永远年轻，永远热泪盈眶。一路音乐相伴，李逼万总周云蓬还有FLY哥哥的卡奇社，听到“达摩流浪者”这首歌时，恰好无意中看到320国道3000米的路牌。总是不停地在路牌上涂鸦的人们啊，您们到底想炫耀些神马**？！上午遭遇的大量上下坡路况还不算太难。坐在路边喝一口水，想起那天在公车上，我盯着一个在打盹的长腿姑娘看，向他们使了个眼神，老驼背缓缓地从口中吐出两个字：“so so”，不一会，雄哥一脸贱笑地跟着说：“just so so”想到明天就要到大理了，在微博上发了个言让喜欢明信片的兄弟姐妹们把地址私信或留言给我。在路边一家司机餐馆就餐，点了个辣椒炒肉要了罐啤酒，老板听说我要去拉萨，送了碗菜汤给我。坐在餐馆外闲扯的村民们对我这个怪异的外乡人显得很感兴趣，问长问短，我这不靠谱的旅行念头成了他们饭后最好的谈资。 一路上都在想着米饭，连吃了三天米线，怕怕。我对老板说别把饭装得太满怕吃不完浪费，结果却一口气来了个底朝天。途经一段铁路，看到铁轨旁的栏杆上披着很多旧裤子，颇为纳闷（这都是过铁路时不慎遇难者的遗物吗）。一辆火车刚呼啸而过，就看见有个牧羊人赶着羊群急匆匆地越过铁路，有两只小黑羊估计看对方不爽已经很久了，刚爬上路面就吵了起来，当场角斗，真逗！好路终于走完，准备爬坡之际，看到有个骑友靠在路旁休息，他来自青海，走完青藏线现在倒骑滇藏线，接下来还打算上北京进内蒙然后绕回家，他在色季拉山捡了个装备不佳的兄弟，那苦逼的辐条断了几根，现在后面推车。过了会儿，坡上又下来了位兄弟，从北京骑到拉萨现在还要再骑回去。唉，这年头，像我这样脑袋有病的人还真是不少。正当我们拍完照依依惜别之际，坡下骑上来了三位老外，跟我今天的目的地一样，普棚，还有34公里。众人因老外的出现显得格外激动，争相和那位大方妩媚的姑娘拍照。青海哥让我和老外一起走，并叮嘱说今天接下来的路全是以上坡为主的烂路，路上小心。（事实证明@truthfree兄弟前面说的七里坡应该就是这里，而不在昨天的路程，今天绝对是极度苦逼的一天）如果没有经历连续上坡令人崩溃的沮丧，是无法体会到在下坡路上御风而驰的快感。如果没有在暴晒下挥汗如雨最后体渴至极致，是无法想象左手拎着山寨冰棒右手握着正宗可乐再完全不顾吃相把头埋进西瓜里狼吞虎咽时的激动。老外们来自瑞士，大卫（哥 30岁）、雷迪霞（哥马子 30岁）、卢卡（弟 28岁），大卫和雷迪霞是单车环游世界者，在路上已经走了3年，来到中国7个月，去过广西、湖南等地。卢卡刚办了旅游证来中国，也跟着骑了1个月了。大卫和雷迪霞会说几句简单的汉语，卢卡基本上完全不会。我问大卫要骑往何方，他说老外无法获得西藏的证，只能去到丽江或者香格里拉。我说可知道丽江是中国的艳遇之城，他没听懂，我想了想，解释说是best one night stand city of china，雷迪霞在前面骑着听到这句话时回头看了我一眼，大卫遗憾地耸了耸肩，指着雷迪霞说：“她是我的美女”，我点了点头，大声地对雷迪霞说：“don`t care,just kidding”路上休息的时候，大卫说卢卡的膝盖受伤了，上坡路很痛苦，卢卡点点头，我说前两天也有类似的经历，后来通过调整好多了，卢卡说是因为以前踢足球时候的旧伤。卢卡卷起裤管的时候，我看到他的膝盖上贴着块膏药，我示意他把那杂牌坑爹的膏药撕下扔了，试一下我那神奇的magic spray，雷迪霞听到这个词语的时候，做了个要晕倒的姿势，难道她也听说过西门大官人曾经使用过的七步迷魂散。喷上药后，大卫感激地对我点头示意，继续上路。坑爹的上坡烂路使得骑行的时速只能保持6~7公里左右，雷迪霞开路，卢卡紧随其后，我和大卫收尾。由于他们的骑行速度明显略快过我，我很快就觉得累了，开始想念自己一个人骑行时的轻松惬意，于是，在他们停下拍照时，我不再等候迅速前行想甩掉他们，没一会，卢卡又追了上来，问我要不要吃一点甜品，我说随便，接着在一处有着开阔视野的悬崖边上，分享了他们行李里的面包。我主意已定，还是一个人走舒坦些，终于找了个机会不告而别，骑上一个逆光的坡时，在一颗大树下突然看见一个盘腿席地而坐的年轻人，身边放着一个大背包以及一本地图，我问他要去哪儿，他说要徒步前往大理，我说普棚离这不远，今晚可以考虑在那儿下榻，他摇了摇头说，能走到哪儿算哪儿，露宿是他的旅行方式。下了最后一个很长的坡后，进入普棚镇，这个镇子安静得异乎寻常，仿佛刚被鬼子洗劫过一般，几乎看不到什么年轻人，小镇上的居民好奇地打量着我后窃窃私语，我快速地把镇子骑了个遍确定了这儿只有两家简陋的旅社，在我决定去投宿村口的那家店时，在下坡拐弯处又遇见了这三个老外。唉，阴魂不散，就勉强凑合吧。我跟这三人走进了扬帆宾馆，老板说双人间每晚30元，三人间每晚40元，我说就要这两间吧（反正我喜欢自己一个人睡的踏实点）。老外们用瑞士语交头接耳了一番后，雷迪霞跑过来跟我说，如果要两个双人间，让卢卡跟我住，这样可以帮我省一点费用，我说也行。我用我的身份证登记了住宿并付清了所有房费，雷迪霞把他们的那份给我时我没有零钱找便少收了5块，她感激地说路上吃了我请客的西瓜和饮料已经很不好意思了，并问我要去吃晚餐吗，我说当然，她说那晚餐必须由他们来请客，我扬了扬眉头。我和大卫、卢卡走在前往觅食的路上，我说雷迪霞怎么还没跟上来，卢卡说她吃了一些糖果后就不吃晚饭了，大卫插了句她要减肥，卢卡不屑地说：“stupid think”我这劳累了一天，一心想喝点酒，又担心习惯了穷游的老外预算有限，我先问他们想吃什么，他们说由我来决定，我说这样子晚上我来请客，我们吃火锅喝啤酒，他们连连摇手说喝酒绝对是个好主意但是我请客是不对的。傍晚七点，普棚大部分的商店都在准备关门，吃了好几次闭门羹，最后在一家牛羊肉店找到吃的，老板娘说的话我听得不是很懂，我指手画脚地点了几道菜，让老外帮忙把桌椅搬到门外，再抱了一箱啤酒出来。镇上的小孩对我们很是好奇，摆出各种姿势让我们拍照后再过来围观相机的屏幕，开朗乐观的大卫跟他们玩得不亦乐乎，时而鬼脸时而怪异动作，腼腆斯文的卢卡则安静地坐在一旁。开喝之后，我们的话就开始多了起来，跟老外对话确实能迅速提高英语的口语水平，为了更好地进行交流，我带了平板电脑出来，一些无法表达的词汇要借助里面安装的翻译软件。他们学会了nice to meet u叫做幸会，还有cheers不能乱说有些中国人会理解为去死。我们干杯了more and more我问说德国的啤酒好喝那瑞士的啤酒如何，卢卡说一般般，但是欧洲啤酒度数普遍会高很多，他有时候喝一两升就要醉了，除了啤酒外他喝不了别的酒，墨西哥的塔基拉三杯倒，我笑着说可以试一下中国的二锅头，大卫插嘴说有52度，卢卡听了快晕过去。我们聊到了杰克凯鲁亚克的在路上，蝎子乐队的wind of change，他们很喜欢bob marley，他们欢快地唱的时候我也似懂非懂地跟着摇头晃脑地哼着。大卫说他和雷迪霞弄了个英法双语的网站），来记录他们的环球之旅，接下来会把和我在一起的经历写篇文章上传，他认真地在我的平板电脑里写下了那个网址。大卫会说好几国的语言，最擅长的是法语和意大利语。卢卡之前瑞士同时打四份工作，还是个私人健身教练，爱好广泛，滑雪、攀岩、网球样样精通。大卫说卢卡有个孩子得了类似crazy的躁狂症，他很痛苦，所以辞了工作来中国找他，卢卡点了点头。我说我对人生也充满疑惑，希望通过骑行能够想通一些事情。大卫指着面前的一碗炒饭问老板娘说要多少钱，答案是4块，大卫对我说其实人不需要过多的物质就可以过得很好了，他不想成为金钱的奴隶，这样的人生没有意思，我点头表示认同。有个酒鬼拎着酒杯在我们身边晃荡了一会后，突然搬了张凳子一屁股就坐在我的身旁，又拿起桌上的筷子欲伸向卢卡面前的食物，我急忙夺过他的筷子，直视他的眼神问他想干嘛，他说的方言我听不懂，我大声喊叫老板娘过来赶人，老板娘在远处畏缩地看着我们，我明白了这就是当地的一个地痞流氓。硬的不行就来软的，我迅速满脸堆笑地搭着他的肩膀说：“哥，我们今天刚骑行到这里在路边吃饭，来，抽支烟”，那酒徒没有接过我递出的烟，说了一句：“你在玩我是吧”（这句我倒是听懂了），我急忙继续媚笑地说：“哥，我今天在路上遇到这两个老外，他们环游世界来到中国，我英语不好急死我了，刚才多有得罪不要见怪”。接下来我用三寸不烂之舌终于让哥消了气，请哥抽烟陪哥喝酒让哥吃菜，酒徒其实倒也不是坏人，他也是因为好奇才接近我们，他说如果他那位上大学的儿子在家的话也可以像我一样和老外这么交流着。大卫和卢卡目瞪口呆地看着这一幕。末了，我跟他们解释了我和酒徒交手的过程，我说其实每个人都可能是坏人，也可能是好人，你自己眼中看到是什么人，他就会是什么人，一念成佛一念成魔。二人纷纷点头竖起拇指表示高见。这是个典型的只有留守老人和儿童的村镇。典型的中国特色下的社会现象。我提议玩些游戏，大卫立即兴奋了起来，怪声怪气地说起“剪刀石头布”，卢卡立即会意，他们演示了各个国家的“剪刀石头布”的说法（我还以为这是中国人自创的酒令，汗颜），我们接着又玩了猜左右手瓶盖有没有，轮到大卫做庄的时候，他身后围观的小孩想尽办法偷看他的双手，他一会钻到桌下一会把双手藏到衣服内，乐不可支。3个人，15瓶650ml大理啤酒，连同3盘牛肉3碗炒饭几个蔬菜一共126元。我悄悄地买了单。大卫和卢卡既激动又惭愧，问我打算在大理呆几天，如果有机会他们希望能在大理做东。卢卡把大卫的手机号码给了我，叫我无论如何要call他。人生有时候适可而止，我没想过还要再和他们聚首。满天星斗下，我们微醺着走回扬帆客栈，轮流洗澡。我感觉膝盖的伤已好得差不多了，就将剩余的云南白药喷雾给了卢卡。卢卡戴着头灯拿着本书说他有夜读的习惯，让我把灯关了好睡。我问他看的是不是lonely planet（这是老外来中国人手一本的圣经），他摇摇头说是一本关于信仰的小说。过了一会，我又说do you believe god，他犹豫了一会说从前信，现在不知道，他又补充了一句其实他是个基督徒。他反问我相信神吗，我说以前不信，现在开始有点信了。酒没喝透，似醉非醉，口干舌燥。并且整晚为了和老外对话，用脑过度，一闭上眼想的全是英语词汇。没睡好，悲催。二师兄的西游记（day 5）好不容易熬到天亮，卢卡还在熟睡。我蹑手蹑脚地把行李和单车搬到门外，开始洗漱、写笔记和整理行囊。还是阴霾的天。山里早晨的温度很低，我换上长袖速干衣骑车出门 0830，小镇的餐馆还没开门迎客，我在一家饼店里买了一个类似光饼的干粮，啃了几口，很干。一只趴在地上打盹的大黄狗很讨巧的走到我面前，可怜兮兮地看着我，我撕下几块碎饼扔得远远的，它高兴地跑过去叼着饼又跑回来蹲坐在我的车前。再经过一家蛋糕店时，我又买了半斤蛋糕挂在车把上。今天的目是大理。上关风，下关花，苍山雪，洱海月，一个传说中风花雪月的世界。遥想：大理城内夜幕低垂，慕容府中华灯初上，王姑娘刚被表哥训斥完回到房中闷闷不乐，正欲轻解罗衫上炕歇息，忽闻窗外一阵嚷嚷语嫣姐姐，在下乃来自福州之矮穷挫朱小弟，自幼爱慕姐姐，今来贵地求见一面，望留宿一宿，明早即走。王姑娘从门缝往外窥视，看见一衣裳不整胡子邋遢的汉子牵着一只破驴立于门外，心中不禁……途径祥云县时，先是走错路，懊恼不已，接着看到路边有家酸笋鸡餐馆，那个口水啊，进店后老板说最小一只三斤多你吃得完吗？出门后连找的三家饭店都是只做火锅，不接散客，气死我也！昨夜酗酒且失眠的缘故，今天感觉明显体虚。在野外做大完毕，通体舒爽，起身提起裤子时被山风一吹，冷汗直冒。感觉体渴得厉害，喝运动饮料也不顶用，看到路边有个卖梨的小摊，慌不迭把车子一丢，径直跑去买了一斤（6个小梨子），几乎是一口气全吃光，临走前我把车把上挂着剩余的3块小蛋糕给了那位卖梨的老伯，他非常意外，拿起几个梨子往我包里塞，我婉拒后飞车离去翻过最后几座山头，筋疲力竭。右膝后侧的韧带拉的很疼。我几乎是哭丧着脸进入大理市区，向人打听古城的方向，结果吓了我一跳，居然还有十几公里。远眺苍山，山顶上神奇地披着一层流动着的厚厚的白云。这就是传说中的苍山雪吗？美！一路上不停地问路、喝水、休息，这十几公里路骑了足足有一个多小时。洱海明显受到污染，岸边漂浮着大量藻类污染物。灰色的天，灰色的湖，我那疲惫的心情也是灰色的。过了洱海大桥，终于看到古城的指示牌，而且一出现就是相邻的两个，前面一个写着距离古城8公里，后面那个写着10公里，这坑爹的路牌，是不是有那个部门需要出来承担一下如此乌龙的责任？！驻足于古城南门外，原计划入住yha的三友客栈，结果接电话的姑娘没有给我带来好感。无意中看见路边有家驴窝驿栈，大堂里面人头攒动，进去一问单人间每晚90元，并且处于一楼单车可以放入房中，就这吧。一进入房间，还没来得及卸下行囊就四仰八叉地躺在床上，点了支烟。放松地感觉真是爽歪了！今天算是彻底把大爷我给骑垮了，浑身上下哪都痛。新增的烦恼包含但不局限：眼睛因进入大量混合着防晒乳的汗水而开始发炎、右膝后侧的韧带拉伤、菊蛋线彻底失守（菊花和蛋蛋之间的部位被磨破）老板，快把风花雪月四大美女都给我叫上来瞅瞅~躺了一会，心想还有很多事待办，还是挣扎着起来吧。洗漱完毕，带着相机轻装进城。久违7年的大理古城，没有感觉到明显变化，依旧是丽江的翻版。在德克士吃了份汉堡套餐，在邮局门口的报刊亭买了20张明信片，顺便打听了次日邮局开门的时间，接着去酒吧街溜达了一圈，临回去前又在烧烤摊吃了些东西。极度的疲累加上前几天的透支，美美地睡了一觉。二师兄的西游记（day 6 ） 二师兄的西游记（day 6 ）看来昨晚睡前费尽周折地把屋内所能看见的七只蚊子给灭了是非常重要的，并且因为实在太累了而无法坚持走到古城内入住已预定好的处于酒吧街的青旅是对的，我只想好好地睡个觉，睡得死死的，任凭有劫匪入室来将我先奸后杀都浑然不顾。早上醒来完全放松地躺在床上，真特么的爽！我坐在驴窝客栈的院子里，像抄作业似的草草写了20封明信片，太久没写这么字了，歪歪扭扭像小学生的手笔。整理行囊时，拿出包里的ABC日用绵柔，一阵纠结今天到底要不要用上。出门没多久就碰到了一行4人的骑行队，两个来自北京目拉萨，两位来自珠海目德钦。都是大一的学生，不过已经找不到青涩的感觉了。和这几个九零后的小清新一起骑行，感觉话还行，他们对我这位大叔也颇为尊重。我觉得我好像成了那个不慎跌落悬崖的倒霉鬼川哥。阿德据说没骑多远就摔倒了，浑身伤痕累累。大理到丽江之间还没开通高速公路，简称为大丽线的国道上车流如织，各种污染物吸入肺中，狭窄的山道上险象环生。听他们说今天的目是120公里外的鹤庆，而不是我所了解的松桂。死猪反正不怕开水烫，爱哪儿哪儿。一整天上下坡，强度很大。这几位刚第一天上路的小伙子明显感到亚历山大。好在最后以连续下坡七公里作为行程的结束曲，令已经苦逼了一整天的大伙儿都非常满意！并且几乎所有人都刷新了自己的骑行最高速度，我的瞬间时速是59.92。下榻松桂某超值客栈，有着洁白的床单和无限量的热水，每位仅收十元！晚餐AA制解决，点了一份羊肉火锅，尽享口舌之欲。喝了几瓶啤酒，话涉及风月，众人乐不可支，一天之疲乏消失殆尽。二师兄的西游记（day 7）国道边的旅馆日后真是不能住的，轮胎声、喇叭声、甚至是吵架声，彻夜不绝于耳，又是一夜无眠，苦！这一路至今，只有一晚的睡眠是正常的。不过，体能逐渐适应倒是个不争的事实。菊蛋线经过伤口清道夫的修复已有明显好转，膝盖或韧带也基本没太大问，我是不是已经成功晋级了？！ 五人行一路嘻嘻哈哈，独乐乐和众乐乐都别有乐趣。今天将要抵达丽江。艳遇之城，妹纸们，你们都准备好迎接帅哥了吗！？本以为很轻松的路程，结果还是不停地翻山越岭，下午四点左右终于抵达丽江古城。一阵突如其来的短时暴雨使我们的队伍小慌乱了一番。雨后的彩虹悬挂在古城上空。在雄哥的远程连线帮助下，以每人100元的价格入住位于四方街半山观景台的胡思年月客栈，老板阿鬼来自福州（同福州胡思年月酒吧），和蔼可亲接待到位，末了还亲自带我们前往美味可口的黄焖鸡餐厅。六人正式出发前的会师宴，自然少不了一番豪饮，北京的帅小伙阿彭还没等到上菜就喝挂了，同是北京来的小酒窝喝了4瓶左右也挂了，珠海小伙子倒是酒量不错，最后还要求我必须要带他们去酒吧寻找艳遇。顺道在四方街的樱花屋要了一个靠窗的卡座，猜枚跳舞。没有美女，没有收获。深夜，微醺的我们踩着古城的青石板一路发着牢骚回到客栈。酒精的作用下，我连衣服都没脱倒头就睡。据说还可耻地打了呼噜。二师兄的西游记（day 8）依然是7点钟准时醒来，阿德和小廖在另一张大床上熟睡着。看看浴室镜中的自己，皮肤松弛胡子拉渣，尤其是眼袋部分被晒伤后变得十分松弛，终于彻底暴露了岁月在我身上施暴过的痕迹。已经完全是个大叔形象了。看来养尊处优和餐风露宿的面容确实是完全不一样的，即使这才经历了几天而已，心里暗叹了一声。今天要在丽江好好休整一天。要做的事情还很多：洗衣服；给单车保养上油；买支抗皱紧实的眼霜、晒后修复面贴膜和芦荟凝胶，然后在风景绝佳的客栈里做做肌肤护理。顺便再给亲们寄出来自艳遇之城的明信片。先在庭院里泡了会茶，看了看微博，结果居然收到一位姑娘同游虎跳峡的同城邀请，我回复她说今天很忙。将脏衣服放入洗衣机后，拿着相机四处觅景，信步走上雄哥口中有着绝佳视觉效果的二楼观景屋，整个古城尽收眼底。真是美啊！似乎始终与我无缘的艳遇之城。观景屋有两台电脑可以上网，我嬉皮笑脸地把两位正在不知疲倦地打着游戏的其中一位小女孩给哄骗走（我说只借用一会），结果我赖在那儿两三个小时都还没走，她百无聊赖地趴在弟弟身旁的木桌上打盹。终于，她那可爱的弟弟对着我说：叔叔，你可以让她玩一会电脑吗？抱歉，小朋友，大叔我也想下了，你们家的网络太卡，我要去网吧呆上一会。顺便邀上阿德一同去吃午餐。大雨中，在邮局买了要由丽江寄出的明信片，在银行ATM取了些钱，经过那家有着难忘回忆的361度专卖店（6年前的美好回忆），在川菜店吃了酸菜鱼，在某家大型超市买了上述的保养品和一些补给品。二师兄的西游记（day 8 补充）五一街的小酒吧文艺气息浓厚，初哥的扯淡屋也开在其中，无数次听到雄哥提及，今晚抽空请客栈老板鬼哥带路前往。扯淡屋没有店招，隐匿于五一街末段，面积20平米不到，一楼以歌手表演为主，二楼可以泡茶和观影。这儿的酒水没有价，随善功德。初哥去了拉萨没有见着，店里只有一位来自广西的替班歌手阿峰和另一位阳光可爱的大学生姑娘。顾客进进出出，三三两两，看不出有谁是真心喜欢这地方或是在认真地听歌，大部分都是过来拍照发微博装个逼。阿峰整晚几乎都唱着许巍的歌，很投入，唱得很有味道。我点了一首阿或姑娘喜欢听的我思念的城市，也映衬出自己的心情。我思念的城市已是黄昏为何我总对你一往情深曾经给我快乐 也给我创伤曾经给我希望 也给我绝望我在遥远的城市 陌生的人群感觉着你遥远的忧伤我的幻想我在遥远的城市 陌生的人群感觉着你遥远的忧伤我的幻想风路过的时候 没能吹走这个城市太厚的灰尘多少次的雨水 从来没有冲掉你那沉重的忧伤你的忧伤 像我的绝望那样漫长风路过的时候 没能吹走这个城市太厚的灰尘多少次的雨水 从来没有冲掉你那沉重的忧伤你的忧伤 像我的绝望那样漫长二师兄的西游记（day 9） 离开丽江，一样阴霾的天。从北门坡往拉市海的方向骑行，路上遇到来自贵州的阿陈，顺手把他给捡了。原计划一天的行程结果半天左右就快跑完了，人多也有好处啊，你追我赶的，平路都飚到了48km/h（瞬间速度而已，别误会）。刚进入虎跳峡的这段路正在修路，塞车绵延长达几公里，我们在拥堵的车流里上窜下跳，呼啸而过，十昏拉轰！阿陈、我和阿德三人先行杀出重围，在大桥上等候还困在里头的其他骑友。途中休息，偶遇玉龙雪山，海拔5000多米的顶峰在云中若隐若现。下午沿着虎跳峡而上，眼看着浑浊湍急的金沙江水咆哮而下，为了减少明天的强度（要上到海拔3000多），今天多爬了二十几公里的上坡路，绝对令人崩溃的最后五公里，众人蹲坐在路旁的小卖部，一边喝着一瓶三块钱的山寨百事可乐，一边欣赏着阿德哥那肿胀的旧伤口和今日新添加的晒伤后的水泡，猥琐的小酒窝躲在一旁用他手中的相机记录下幸灾乐祸的我们。夜宿宝山客栈，小廖哥言中有着村长风范的老板长着与我颇有几分相似，晚饭时他身着民族服装端着泸沽湖特产的白酒为我们献上歌曲。客栈的浴室在国道另一边的房子里，我被漏电的门把电了一下后摸黑走出那个充满灵异幻想的院子，再冒着生命危险穿越暗黑的国道走回客栈房间，哎哟刚才似乎没穿外裤，万一发生车祸横死街头那死相可真是不雅。今天路上又捡了一个来自贵州的精壮小伙子阿陈，这家伙有着足够强壮的身体和愿意担当的精神，很快就被公推为新一任领导人，不知道这位新上任的老板对我这位满口脏话不思进取的落后分子有神马看法。但是自从他来后，我又恢复了抽烟的不良习惯。明天一早出发，预计傍晚之前会到达那个消失的地平线。再次勾起我六年前的美好回忆，你好！香格里拉。屋外下着大雨，不愿冒雨前往客栈的公用厕所，就站在阳台对着花圃随便解决了一下。重新回到屋内，趁睡意还未完全来临之前细细观察了一下这个每位仅收费十元的房间，洁白的床单，四个屋角都非常对称的落满了蜘蛛网，我睡的床位旁的窗帘后至少有数百只形状各异的昆虫尸体，窗外虎跳峡的金沙江水涛声依旧。依旧迟迟无法入眠。操！赞赞赞赞转载(2)二师兄的西游记（day 10）刚走出客栈大门，就看见山间雾气弥漫，路旁野花盛开，林里晨鸟低语，谷底江水咆哮，宛如仙境一般的通往香格里拉之路。出了虎跳峡镇后，连续上坡40几公里，海拔上升到3400米。满视野的高山草甸风光，云雾，野花，森林，流水，村庄，迷失在这诗画般的香格里拉大峡谷。17：00左右，抵达香格里拉县，直奔独克宗古城，yha的庭院里坐着很多貌似情趣高雅的姑娘，不过可惜已经没有房间了。改投这家有着超级无敌阳光房大庭院的亚那青波客栈，双人间每晚100元，在当下旅游旺季，这种价格令我颇为意外。莽撞的阿德哥无知者无畏，一路抛下我们绝尘而去，结果走丢了。我和小廖哥在放置好行李后只好又拖着疲惫不堪的身子骑车出来找他。阔别六年，独克宗古城还是老样子，没啥变化。坐在旅馆对面新开张的火锅店里，吃着六年前同样点的那道菜，松茸炖土鸡。物是人非，六年来太多变化。众人酒足饭饱之后各自离场。([
韩国专线一区二三区bd
许文菱放点片花，先吸引一下眼球【先预览一下~】【写在开始前】 子辰打来电话的那个早上，我连牙都还没有刷，正在给阿呆做着早饭。 挂了之后也并没反应过来，脑子里只剩下几个关键词语：南美、自驾、40号公路、不要钱！又呆了几分钟后，我就只记得不要钱了。（高的家伙是小马，矮的家伙就是阿呆哈哈~） 小广告一下，我们的微信公众号往下看哈哈（最右边就是我们在沙溪的家了~） 还以为拥有充足的时间准备，因为计划的行程开始是15年的3月27，收到消息的时候连14年都还没有跨过去呢，但哪知道工作上的事情正好特别多，一直到出发前我都还没有做功课，只知道这次要去的地方应该是地球上直线距离最远的了，脑袋里一片浆糊就跟着走了，以至于下面对线路和行程的整理，完全是回来后才搞明白的......线路及自驾说明【线路及自驾说明】为什么选择40号公路？相比较美国那几条耳熟能详的自驾线路来说，阿根廷的自驾线路鲜有人知。说实话，当初接到子辰兄的电话让我做行程安排的时候，我才第一听说40号公路，在网上能查到的关于它的自驾攻略几乎没有。但它在外国旅行者中，特别是摩托骑士口中，就像朝圣之路一般，为什么呢？来看看我下面的介绍吧~ 安第斯山脉是世界上最长的山脉 ，从北到南蜿蜒七千多公里，构成了整个南美大陆的脊梁，山脉本身也是阿根挺和智利两国的天然国界线。在山的东侧，有一条全长近五千公里的公路，自阿根挺南部的火地岛向北一直到达玻利维亚边界，大多数时候与安第斯山脉平行。公路经过阿根廷的3个大区11个省份，跨过18条主要河流，13个大湖和盐湖，有桥梁236座，沿途经过20个国家公园和保护区，包括南美最高峰阿空加瓜登山大本营，并连接27个安第斯山过境山口，这就是被称为世界上最荒凉的阿根廷40号公路。 切．格瓦拉曾在23岁时，骑着他的诺顿500驶入40号公路，开始了他的旅程并写下了《骑士日记》。后来这段故事还被改编为电影。（科普完毕，我也是网上看来的~） 而这次我们是从布宜诺斯艾利斯出发，由东向西跟随7号公路然后在门多萨向南转入40号公路。整个行程我们将作为子辰兄的摄影助理同行，这也就是为什么免费的原因了。（实线是自驾线路，全程是4000多公里，虚线是飞行线路。由于没有办理智利证，所以车子无法跨越智利国土去到乌斯怀亚，只能是从埃尔卡拉法特飞到了乌斯怀亚。）（没有任何意外的话，这是我进行过最长途跋涉的一次旅行了，为了到达目的地，我们从沙溪——丽江——北京——多哈——圣保罗——布宜诺斯艾利斯，光在飞机上坐着就耗费了30多个小时，很多次不知道白天黑夜，对于目的地的兴奋感早都被消磨完了。） 算起来也是第二次在国外自驾（第一次是在土耳其沿地中海自驾，就是上一篇烂尾的游记，因为没时间实在写不下去了。。。），但是之前也说了没时间准备，所以关于租车、证件、路况等等都一无所知，好在子辰和小马在出发前做足了准备，我也得以拿来整理如下： 关于驾照：阿根廷是认可国际驾照的，但我没有~ 所以驾照就是去公证处公证一份西班牙语的翻译件即可。 关于租车：由于我们的车辆是旅行社直接提供的，所以我不知道具体的费用，不过在阿根廷安飞士和赫兹我都有看到，所以租车是完全没问的。 关于加油：阿根廷大部分的车辆是柴油动力，而柴油的价格因为地区、品质和不同的加油站的区别，价格在1到2美元不等。柴油型号也是多种多样，我们一路基本都是添加的EURO。 关于路况：现在的40号公路较以前已经改观了很多，这一路上，80%的路面都已进行了硬化，剩下的20%虽是弹石路，但也较为平整。 关于过路费：一路上只有在7号公路上遭遇过收费站，不论是高速还是国道，比国内的收费稍便宜一些。转入40号公路上没有任何收费。 其它注意事项： 1、阿根廷只要是行驶在路上的车辆，都是全天开大灯的，不过当然是近光，远光灯去死~ 2、在跨越一些省界的时候会有宪兵或者警察对车辆或行李进行检查，而有一些是要对车辆进行消毒处理的（过程不复杂~），也由一些是不能带水果过境的...... 3、路和交规和国内基本一致，除了绿灯不亮不能右转。 4、路况虽然不错，但是尽量不要开夜路，沿途野生动物太多，撞到牛啊马啊什么的一点也不稀奇。 5、不要超速，罚单很贵，因为我们被罚惨了。。。 6、上了40号公路后，看到加油站的话，就算还有半箱油也宁愿先加满，也不要问我为什么知道~ 对了，还有关于汇兑：我们是在国内换好了美金，但是在阿根廷银行里换的话只有1：8.5左右，也由攻略说在布宜诺斯艾利斯的弗罗里达大街换可以到1：12左右，但是很多人说会换到假币，并且用不完的钱拿回银行也换不回美金，综合考虑到安全和便捷的问，我们一直是找导游换的1：10，在一些店铺是可以直接使用美金购买的，1：11的样子，也可以进行兑换，不过只兑换50和100的面额。 其他的我暂时也想不起来，如果大家有什么问，我一定知无不言~(根据上面的行程看来，大家应该也明白了，我们这次的行程时间很紧，每两地之间的路程都很遥远，大部分的时间都是在车上看风景了。。。）人和物的介绍【人和物的介绍】 说了这么多，下面就介绍一下这次同行的已经是好基友的和在行程中变成了好基友的队友们~ 小马，江湖人称马哥，这个蚂蜂窝账号是她的，是的，现在不是她在写，是她分配给我在写~ 因为她是我媳妇，我也没办法。 我们被别人组了一个组合叫“猴年马月”......自从认识她后我就跟着她玩了好多地方，是的，我是她的小跟班~ 她常年在玩，这会她在楼下玩阿呆，作为资深的玩家，她不写的原因用她的话说就是她有更重要的事情要做，所以这会她应该是在谋划下一次旅行或者是正在盯着某一家航空公司的特价机票两眼冒光~ 还有就是，上一篇烂尾的土耳其自驾游记，责任在她哈哈...... 子辰，某知名网站编辑，我们只在“猴年马月”的婚礼上见过一面，第二面就直接是这次在首都机场T3了。 深度文艺中年，旅行途中带了两本书，一本丢了，另一本看了两页。 因自诩风光摄影师，而本姓李，所以偶尔我会昧着良心叫他“安塞尔.亚当李”，一般是在他买单前后~ 关于这次的旅行他也会在汽车之家的论坛里发布游记，当然我们的角度肯定是不一样的，因为他183CM，我168CM（什么都不要说~），我们看到的世界完全不同~ 而且他放言要在游记里每天写死我一次，我期待看到我的各种死法~ 为什么要写死我？因为当他自诩纪实摄影师的时候，我没有叫他“李布列松”~ 由于我就带了一个小相机，而且是35定焦不能换头的，所以以下如果有一些展示不出来的我就借用了子辰的照片，为了区分，我的加了水印。 我，名怿昀，大家都叫我猴子，这个我本来是不愿意的，不能你叫我猴子我就叫猴子啊，我也得觉得好听才行，可是因为我本姓侯，所以Duang的一下，大家都叫我猴子了。随着这些年越发无法卖萌，那些嫌我老的人也就越来越多的叫我师兄或者猴哥~ 这也就自然变成了“猴年马月”组合~ 由于兴趣爱好过于广泛，自然精通的没有几样，平时就靠着拍照和设计混混日子。每一次的旅行都是跟着马哥混，成长自然是惊人的，至少我英语以前只会Yes和No，现在已经会You can you up了~Leo，我们这次行程的地接导游1号，除了中间有事离开了两天，都是他在陪着我们，据他自己说，我们这次的行程他和EX都来过，说多了都是泪，哎~ 自幼随父母从台湾移民阿根廷，完全融入了阿根廷的生活，现在已经发展成了国际倒爷，平时除了带游客走走看看，会把国内的小商品卖到阿根廷，再把阿根廷的红酒卖到国内~ 此人拥有一身练过又反弹了的肌肉，身高堪比“安塞尔.亚当李”，至今单身，在此征婚（我保证是他让我说的~）据说叫Leo的人都很自恋，听上去好像比较偏颇，但是这位Leo再次证明了这一论点。如果楼下也有叫Leo的不要怪我嘴贱，我也是听来的而已呵呵~小白，导游2号，在Leo有事的那几天与我们同行。自高中时来阿根廷留学，至今大学虽没毕业，婚倒是结了一个，说到这，得说说他的这个媳妇，反正我是没听明白，你们来分析分析：信仰古巴一个巫术小教派、出生在一个犹太教家庭、半阿根廷半法国血统、金发、职业是护士。没听明白吧？但听上去很不错的样子~ 当然他和我们分享的最多的还是结婚之前积累的各种经验，对于这些经验我无法一一道来，但是我们都建议他写一本《阿根廷各州各信仰各民族各肤色泡妞指南》，书名虽长，但一定很实用，而且一定要先给Leo看看~漫长的准备 仓促的开始 （从沙溪到布宜诺斯艾利斯）【漫长的准备 仓促的开始（从沙溪到布宜诺斯艾利斯）】 出发前的一个月，我总算有时间瞟了一眼地图，哎呀，我要从南走到北啊~ 不对，是从北走到南，但差不多啊，北面多热，南面多冷~ 这一路走下来温差可够大了，当下眼珠子一转，拨了朋友的电话，谁让他是搞户外用品的呢~ 就这样，还没开动，朋友就给赞助了衣服鞋子，而且都是顶级的~事实证明在世界尽头的冷风中给了我们十足的温暖啊，啥户外？神州户外啊！（毫无广告痕迹）下面还有二维码~~ 具体准备证的问就不详细再说了，我们的证是通过旅行社代办的，但是资料都是自己准备好的，后面免去了面也算是方便了很多。 就这样，拖拖拉拉的准备了4个月，期间我们和子辰连面都没见，直到出发的前一天，我们三个从三个不同的地方出发，马哥从沙溪到丽江找我会合后直奔机场飞向帝都。（以免又购买易碎品放在背包里收到挤压，特意买了个行李箱，我们自己设计的关于沙溪的贴纸也总算有地方贴了~） 我们乘坐的是卡塔尔航空的班机，凌晨2点起飞，子辰一直在忙着准备这个行程的各种资料，一直到起飞前1小时他才赶到机场和我们见面，要不是我们的护照还在他手里，我们早过关逛街去了，没办法等到他后直奔值机柜台。 就这样，我们出发了，在过关后去登机口的轻轨上我问子辰：关于行程，我们聊聊？；聊啥？就是我拍照，你也拍照，别的想到的再说，飞机上还有20多个小时呢~；......(
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苏碧绮前言 印度，那里是人的森林 印度也被称为“众神与信仰之国” 也被叫做“嘈杂与贫困之囯” 但是，如果那里是天堂，那俺们所在就是地狱吗？ 如果将那里称为地狱，那俺们这里就是天堂了吗？ 不管是天堂抑或是地狱 印度那疙瘩呼唤着你的到来 从一月九日开始【北印度】 瓦拉纳西的恒河、阿格拉的泰姬陵、马图拉的考古学博物馆、德里的喧嚣街头、斋浦尔的风宫、乌代布尔的墙画 到一月二十五日【西印度】 艾哈迈达巴德的贫民区、孟买的海湾、奥兰加巴德的德干城堡、埃洛拉 阿旃陀的石窟群 再二月一日【阿拉伯海西海岸】 果阿海边嬉皮士居留地、科钦的犹太会堂、阿勒皮 奎隆的滞水巡游、特里凡得琅的神庙、科瓦拉姆海滩 然后二月十二日【南印度】根尼亚古马里的阿拉伯海 印度洋 孟加拉湾交汇点、马杜赖的米纳克希神庙、金奈的孟加拉湾海滩 最后二月十七日【东印度】加尔各答的人文 直至三月四日离开去泰国 1月9日清晨长途巴士从尼泊尔边境抵达瓦拉纳西，住在恒河边的家庭旅馆，一个普通间40多元人民币。交通工具就选农用车、人力三轮车，费用很低，大都时候靠步行。吃就当地的甜食和小西食。其间去了贝拿勒斯印度教大学、鹿野苑等等地方，也在恒河沐了浴。。。。。一月十二日的阿格拉的红砂石之堡一月十六日缓缓流淌在马图拉的亚穆纳河一月十八日在新德里的伊斯兰教巴哈伊寺一月二十二日在斋浦尔的宫中嫔妃们用作观赏外面街市的风宫一月二十三日在乌代布尔外面街头墙壁上到处都是的墙画([]
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